PHP安全防范知识
PHP代码安全和XSS,SQL注入等对于各类网站的安全非常中用,尤其是UGC(User Generated Content)网站,论坛和电子商务网站,常常是XSS和SQL注入的重灾区。这里简单介绍一些基本编程要点, 相对系统安全来说,php安全防范更多要求编程人员对用户输入的各种参数能更细心.
php编译过程中的安全
建议安装Suhosin补丁,必装安全补丁
php.ini安全设置
register_global = off
magic_quotes_gpc = off
display_error = off
log_error = on
# allow_url_fopen = off
expose_php = off
open_basedir =
safe_mode = on
disable_function = exec,system,passthru,shell_exec,escapeshellarg,escapeshellcmd,proc_close,proc_open,dl,popen,show_source,get_cfg_var
safe_mode_include_dir =
DB SQL预处理
mysql_real_escape_string (很多PHPer仍在依靠addslashes防止SQL注入,但是这种方式对中文编码仍然是有问题的。addslashes的问题在于黑客可以用 0xbf27来代替单引号,GBK编码中0xbf27不是一个合法字符,因此addslashes只是将0xbf5c27,成为一个有效的多字节字符,其 中的0xbf5c仍会被看作是单引号,具体见这篇文章)。用mysql_real_escape_string函数也需要指定正确的字符集,否则依然可能 有问题。
prepare + execute(PDO)
ZendFramework可以用DB类的quote或者quoteInto, 这两个方法是根据各种数据库实施不用方法的,不会像mysql_real_escape_string只能用于mysql
用户输入的处理
无需保留HTML标签的可以用以下方法
strip_tags, 删除string中所有html标签
htmlspecialchars,只对””,”;”,”’”字符进行转义
htmlentities,对所有html进行转义
必须保留HTML标签情况下可以考虑以下工具:
HTML Purifier: HTML Purifier is a standards-compliant HTML filter library written in PHP.
PHP HTML Sanitizer: Remove unsafe tags and attributes from HTML code
htmLawed: PHP code to purify & filter HTML
上传文件
用is_uploaded_file和move_uploaded_file函数,使用HTTP_POST_FILES[]数组。并通过去掉上传目录的PHP解释功能来防止用户上传php脚本。
ZF框架下可以考虑使用File_upload模块
Session,Cookie和Form的安全处理
不要依赖Cookie进行核心验证,重要信息需要加密, Form Post之前对传输数据进行哈希, 例如你发出去的form元素如下:
POST回来之后对参数进行验证
$str = "";
foreach($_POST['H'] as $key=>$value) {
$str .= $key.$value;
}
if($_POST['hash'] != md5($str.$secret)) {
echo "Hidden form data modified"; exit;
}
PHP安全检测工具(XSS和SQL Insertion)
Wapiti - Web application security auditor(Wapiti - 小巧的站点漏洞检测工具) (SQL injection/XSS攻击检查工具)
安裝/使用方法:
apt-get install libtidy-0.99-0 python-ctypes python-utidylib
python wapiti.py http://Your Website URL/ -m GET_XSS
Pixy: XSS and SQLI Scanner for PHP( Pixy - PHP 源码缺陷分析工具)
安裝: apt-get install default-jdk

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PHP is mainly procedural programming, but also supports object-oriented programming (OOP); Python supports a variety of paradigms, including OOP, functional and procedural programming. PHP is suitable for web development, and Python is suitable for a variety of applications such as data analysis and machine learning.

PHP is used to build dynamic websites, and its core functions include: 1. Generate dynamic content and generate web pages in real time by connecting with the database; 2. Process user interaction and form submissions, verify inputs and respond to operations; 3. Manage sessions and user authentication to provide a personalized experience; 4. Optimize performance and follow best practices to improve website efficiency and security.

PHP uses MySQLi and PDO extensions to interact in database operations and server-side logic processing, and processes server-side logic through functions such as session management. 1) Use MySQLi or PDO to connect to the database and execute SQL queries. 2) Handle HTTP requests and user status through session management and other functions. 3) Use transactions to ensure the atomicity of database operations. 4) Prevent SQL injection, use exception handling and closing connections for debugging. 5) Optimize performance through indexing and cache, write highly readable code and perform error handling.

The roles of HTML, CSS and JavaScript in web development are: 1. HTML defines the web page structure, 2. CSS controls the web page style, and 3. JavaScript adds dynamic behavior. Together, they build the framework, aesthetics and interactivity of modern websites.

PHP is suitable for web development and rapid prototyping, and Python is suitable for data science and machine learning. 1.PHP is used for dynamic web development, with simple syntax and suitable for rapid development. 2. Python has concise syntax, is suitable for multiple fields, and has a strong library ecosystem.

PHP originated in 1994 and was developed by RasmusLerdorf. It was originally used to track website visitors and gradually evolved into a server-side scripting language and was widely used in web development. Python was developed by Guidovan Rossum in the late 1980s and was first released in 1991. It emphasizes code readability and simplicity, and is suitable for scientific computing, data analysis and other fields.
