PHP编程习惯
题目:找出以下代码的错误之处:
function baz($y $z) {
$x = new Array();
$x[sales] = 60;
$x[profit] = 20:
foreach($x as $key = $value) {
echo $key+" "+$value+"
";
}
}
你能找到几个呢?
如果你发现函数参数列表中少了逗号、“new Array()”是不正确的、行末用了冒号而不是分号、foreach中没有用“=>”及用“+”来连接字符串,那恭喜你,你找到了所有的错误,你已经掌握了PHP编程的基础。
现在我来说说我是怎么回答这道题的。我当然也找出了以上这些问题,但我更进一步。比如,你有没有发现在数组索引里没有用引号将字符串括起来?虽然这不会造成严重错误,但这是一个编码错误。另外,你注意到在echo一行它使用了双引号而不是单引号吗?使用了PHP开始标志的缩写形式?并且没有用“
”而是用了“
”?
在找出了实际错误后,我又在上面找到的问题后面加了注释。这足够让这份答卷从“正确”转变为“发人深省”了,这也给我的申请加了不少分,所以他们决定聘用我。(但最后我拒绝了,因为我喜欢紧凑的生活节奏,并将自己的PHP技能奉献给我的客户,而不是一家涉猎电信市场的公司。我需要一个舞台来大展身手。)
那么接下来就来看看我写的10条PHP编程习惯吧:
1、使用单引号括起来的字符串
当使用双引号来括字符串时,PHP解释器会对其进行变量替换、转义等操作,如“\n”。如果你只想输出一个基本的字符串,就用单引号吧,这样会节省一些资源。当然,如果你需要进行变量替换的,那就必须用双引号了,但其他情况下还是用单引号吧。
2、字符串的输出
你认为以下哪一条语句的运行速度最快?
print "Hi my name is $a. I am $b";
echo "Hi my name is $a. I am $b";
echo "Hi my name is ".$a.". I am ".$b;
echo "Hi my name is ",$a,". I am ",$b;
echo 'Hi my name is ',$a,'. I am ',$b;
也许这看起来很奇怪,但事实上最后一条的运行速度是最快的。print比echo要慢,在字符串中进行变量替换时会慢,而连接字符串要比用逗号连接来得慢,最后一句则是第一个习惯的体现。所以,不在字符串中进行变量替换不仅会加快程序运行速度,也会让你的代码在任何语法高亮显示的编辑器中显得更为易懂(变量会被高亮显示出来)。很少人知道echo的参数可以用逗号连接,且速度会比字符串连接要来得快。最后再用上第一个习惯,那这条语句就非常好了。
3、在数组索引中使用单引号
正如你在上面的测试题中所看到的,我指出了$x[sales]从严格意义上来说是错误的,索引应该被括起来,即$x['sales']。这是因为PHP会将没有括起来的索引辨认为“裸”字符串,并把它解释为一个常量。当找不到该常量的定义时,才将其解释为一个字符串,所以这条语句才是可运行的。把索引括起来可以省去这部分工作,如果将来正好要用这一字符串定义常量时也就不会有错误了。我甚至听说这样做要快七倍左右的时间,虽然我没有亲自测试过。更多关于这一话题的讨论,请看PHP手册“数组”一章中的的“数组的能与不能”一节。
4、不要使用开始标志的缩写形式
你正在使用这样的符号吗?“”是非常糟糕的符号,它会引起与XML解释器的冲突。而且一旦你发布了这些代码,那么使用者就必须修改php.ini文件来打开对此符号的支持。所以实在没有理由去使用这种形式。用“

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