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数10大经久不衰的开源项目

Jun 21, 2016 am 08:50 AM
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如今,开源项目无处不在,它们经历了诞生、兴盛、衰落等一系列过程,最终非常优秀的项目才得以存留并发展壮大。 

一些人认为开源运动是近几年才兴起的,其实不然,开源项目甚至可以追溯到几十年前。比如,20世纪60年代的NASA COSMIC软件集合。 

自由软件创始人Richard M. Stallman曾说,“当我1971年在麻省理工学院人工智能实验室工作时,我已经成为了软件共享社区的一部分,当时该社区已经存在很多年了”。 

本文将列出一些古老的、经典的开源项目,在这个名单中我只列出了目前仍在使用的开源项目。 

1.  Linux:1991年8月25日 

Linux之父Linus Torvalds在该项目的开源计划中写道“我正在做一个免费的操作系统,这只是我的一个爱好,不会成为一个大而专业的项目(比如GNU)”。时至今日,Linux已经成为开源操作系统的主宰,也是最成功的开源项目。 

2.  Python:1991年2月20日 

Python的创造者Guido van Rossum在1989年12月就开始工作,但直到1991年2月才首次发布。根据Black Duck软件公司的统计,Python是开源领域中提交贡献人数增长最快的编程语言。 

不仅开源开发者支持Python,甚至微软也提供了一个Python IDE for Visual Studio。 

3.  GNU C Library(glibc):1988年2月 

glibc早期的成功应该归功于Roland McGrath,在1988年初,Roland McGrath发布了《glibc, "一个近乎完整的ANSI C库"》。基于该项目,又涌现出了无数的方案,其中包括Linux。 

4.  Perl:1987年12月18日 

得益于Larry Wall,Perl已经成为大部分服务器的首选脚本语言。 

5.  GNU C编译器(gcc):1987年3月22日 

如果glibc很重要,那么gcc同样至关重要。刚开始时,gcc仅支持C语言。但现在,支持的语言包括C、C++、Objective C、Fortran和Java等。 

6.  GNU Emacs:1984年 

一些人认为GNU Emacs是该编辑器的第一个版本。其实,Emacs的开始时间可以追溯到1972年。这是一款强大的文本编辑器,在程序员和其他以技术工作为主的计算机用户中广受欢迎。 

7.  X Window System:1983年 

X Window是一种以位图方式显示的软件窗口系统,最初是1983年麻省理工学院的研究成果,之后变成UNIX、类UNIX、以及OpenVMS等操作系统所一致适用的标准化软件工具包及显示架构的运作协议。 

8)BRL-CAD:1983年12月16日 

BRL-CAD全称为Ballistic Research Laboratory-computer-aided design(弹道研究实验室的电脑辅助设计),这是一个由美国军方支持的三维几何模型开发代码库,你可以用这个开源的开发包绘制坦克、车轮等各种各样3D实体模型,这个工具包包括如下内容:交互几何图形编辑器、通用帧缓冲库、网络分发、图像处理、信号处理等,支持命令行和GUI图形交互方式。 

9.  BSD UNIX:1978年3月9日 

第一个开放源码的操作系统不是Linux,而是Bill Joy的BSD UNIX。UNIX在1969年首次开源,但随后被关闭。但是BSD版本,使得该系统以开源形式延续下去。随后的FreeBSD、OpenBSD、NetBSD、Solaris和Mac OS X等都是基于BSD UNIX的。 

10.  VistA:1975年 

最后,介绍一个历史最悠久的开源系统VistA。这不是微软的Windows操作系统,而是Veterans Health Information Systems and Technology Architecture(退伍军人健康信息系统和技术架构)的缩写。 

到目前为止VistA是世界上使用最广泛的医疗信息系统。在美国,部属EMR(电子病历)的医院中将近有一半在使用VistA。 

原文:The 10 oldest, significant open-source programs



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