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跟老齐学Python之玩转字符串(2)更新篇

Jun 16, 2016 am 08:41 AM

上一章中已经讲到连接两个字符串的一种方法。复习一下:

复制代码 代码如下:

>>> a= 'py'
>>> b= 'thon'
>>> a+b
'python'

既然这是一种方法,言外之意,还有另外一种方法。

连接字符串的方法2

在说方法2之前,先说明一下什么是占位符,此前在讲解变量(参数)的时候,提到了占位符,这里对占位符做一个比较严格的定义:

来自百度百科的定义:

顾名思义,占位符就是先占住一个固定的位置,等着你再往里面添加内容的符号。
根据这个定义,在python里面规定了一些占位符,通过这些占位符来说明那个位置应该填写什么类型的东西,这里暂且了解两个占位符:%d——表示那个位置是整数,%s——表示那个位置应该是字符串。下面看一个具体实例:

复制代码 代码如下:

>>> print "one is %d"%1
one is 1

要求打印(print)的内容中,有一个%d占位符,就是说那个位置应该放一个整数。在第二个%后面,跟着的就是那个位置应该放的东西。这里是一个整数1。我们做下面的操作,就可以更清楚了解了:

复制代码 代码如下:

>>> a=1
>>> type(a)
    #a是整数
>>> b="1"
>>> type(b)
    #b是字符串
>>> print "one is %d"%a
one is 1
>>> print "one is %d"%b     #报错了,这个占位符的位置应该放整数,不应该放字符串。
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "", line 1, in
  TypeError: %d format: a number is required, not str

同样道理,%s对应的位置应该放字符串,但是,如果放了整数,也可以。只不过是已经转为字符串对待了。但是不赞成这么做。在将来,如果使用mysql(一种数据库)的时候,会要求都用%s做为占位符,这是后话,听听有这么回事即可。

复制代码 代码如下:

>>> print "one is %s"%b
one is 1
>>> print "one is %s"%a     #字符串是包容的
one is 1

好了。啰嗦半天,占位符是不是理解了呢?下面我们就用占位符来连接字符串。是不是很有意思?

复制代码 代码如下:

>>> a = "py"
>>> b = "thon"
>>> print "%s%s"%(a,b)  #注
python

注:仔细观察,如果两个占位符,要向这两个位置放东西,代表的东西要写在一个圆括号内,并且中间用逗号(半角)隔开。

字符串复制

有一个变量,连接某个字符串,也想让另外一个变量,也连接这个字符串。一种方法是把字符串再写一边,这种方法有点笨拙,对于短的到无所谓了。但是长的就麻烦了。这里有一种字符串复制的方法:

复制代码 代码如下:

>>> a = "My name is LaoQi. I like python and can teach you to learn it."
>>> print a
My name is LaoQi. I like python and can teach you to learn it.
>>> b = a
>>> print b
My name is LaoQi. I like python and can teach you to learn it.
>>> print a
My name is LaoQi. I like python and can teach you to learn it.

复制非常简单,类似与赋值一样。可以理解为那个字符串本来跟a连接着,通过b=a,a从自己手里分处一股绳子给了b,这样两者都可以指向那个字符串了。

字符串长度

要向知道一个字符串有多少个字符,一种方法是从头开始,盯着屏幕数一数。哦,这不是计算机在干活,是键客在干活。键客,不是剑客。剑客是以剑为武器的侠客;而键客是以键盘为武器的侠客。当然,还有贱客,那是贱人的最高境界,贱到大侠的程度,比如岳不群之流。

键客这样来数字符串长度:

复制代码 代码如下:

>>> a="hello"
>>> len(a)
5

使用的是一个函数len(object)。得到的结果就是该字符串长度。

复制代码 代码如下:

>>> m = len(a)  #把结果返回后赋值给一个变量
>>> m
5
>>> type(m)     #这个返回值(变量)是一个整数型

字符大小写的转换

对于英文,有时候要用到大小写转换。最有名驼峰命名,里面就有一些大写和小写的参合。如果有兴趣,可以来这里看自动将字符串转化为驼峰命名形式的方法。

在python中有下面一堆内建函数,用来实现各种类型的大小写转化

S.upper() #S中的字母大写
S.lower() #S中的字母小写
S.capitalize() #首字母大写
S.istitle() #是否单词首字母大写的,且其它为小写,注网友白羽毛指出,这里表述不准确。非常感谢他。为了让看官对这些大小写问题有更深刻理解,我从新写下面的例子,请看官审查。再次感谢白羽毛。
S.isupper() #S中的字母是否全是大写
S.islower() #S中的字母是否全是小写
看例子:

复制代码 代码如下:

>>> a = "qiwsir,python"
>>> a.upper()       #将小写字母完全变成大写字母
'QIWSIR,PYTHON'
>>> a               #原数据对象并没有改变
'qiwsir,python'
>>> b = a.upper()
>>> b
'QIWSIR,PYTHON'
>>> c = b.lower()   #将所有的小写字母编程大写字母
>>> c
'qiwsir,python'

>>> a
'qiwsir,python'
>>> a.capitalize()  #把字符串的第一个字母变成大写
'Qiwsir,python'
>>> a               #原数据对象没有改变
'qiwsir,python'
>>> b = a.capitalize() #新建立了一个
>>> b
'Qiwsir,python'

>>> a = "qiwsir,github"    #这里的问题就是网友白羽毛指出的,非常感谢他。
>>> a.istitle()
False
>>> a = "QIWSIR"        #当全是大写的时候,返回False
>>> a.istitle()
False
>>> a = "qIWSIR"
>>> a.istitle()
False
>>> a = "Qiwsir,github"  #如果这样,也返回False
>>> a.istitle()
False
>>> a = "Qiwsir"        #这样是True
>>> a.istitle()
True
>>> a = 'Qiwsir,Github' #这样也是True
>>> a.istitle()
True

>>> a = "Qiwsir"
>>> a.isupper()
False
>>> a.upper().isupper()
True
>>> a.islower()
False
>>> a.lower().islower()
True

顺着白羽毛网友指出的,再探究一下,可以这么做:

复制代码 代码如下:

>>> a = "This is a Book"
>>> a.istitle()
False
>>> b = a.title()     #这样就把所有单词的第一个字母转化为大写
>>> b
'This Is A Book'
>>> a.istitle()       #判断每个单词的第一个字母是否为大写
False

字符串问题,看来本讲还不能结束。下一讲继续。有看官可能要问了,上面这些在实战中怎么用?我正想为你的,请键客设计一种实战情景,能不能用上所学。

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