Home php教程 php手册 php基础知识:类与对象(1)

php基础知识:类与对象(1)

Jun 13, 2016 pm 12:35 PM
class php and by Keywords Can basic knowledge definition object beginning yes of kind Class name No

类的定义:
   以关键字 class 开头,后面跟着类名,可以是任何非 PHP 保留字的名字。后面跟着一对花括号,里面包含有类成员和方法的定义。

伪变量$this
可以在当一个方法在对象内部调用时使用。$this 是一个到调用对象(通常是方法所属于的对象,但也可以是另一个对象,如果该方法是从第二个对象内静态调用的话)的引用。
//??静态调用的内部到底是怎样的?
看个例子:
class A
{
   function foo()
   {
       if (isset($this)) {
           echo '$this is defined (';
           echo get_class($this);
           echo ")\n";
       } else {
           echo "\$this is not defined.\n";
       }
   }
}
class B
{
   function bar()
   {
       A::foo();
   }
}
$a = new A();
$a->foo();
A::foo();
$b = new B();
$b->bar();
B::bar();
输出结果为:
$this is defined (a)
$this is not defined.
$this is defined (b)
$this is not defined.
/*我希望知道这个例子的内存等的具体实现,我暂时无法理解。如果有人可以讲清楚,可以告诉我。我们宿舍牛头现在正在冬眠,等他醒来,我会问。*/

new
要创建一个对象的实例,必须创建一个新对象并将其赋给一个变量。当创建新对象时该对象总是被赋值,除非该对象定义了构造函数并且在出错时抛出了一个异常。
当把一个对象已经创建的实例赋给一个新变量时,新变量会访问同一个实例,就和用该对象赋值一样。此行为和给函数传递入实例时一样。可以用克隆给一个已创建的对象建立一个新实例。

(这几句话虽然很短,但是未必容易理解。)
例子如下:
class SimpleClass
{
   // 成员声明
   public $var = 'a default value';

   // 方法声明
   public function displayVar() {
       echo $this->var;
   }
}

//看下面的图.1>new 在heap(堆)中实例化一个对象。2>将指针$instance指向他
$instance = new SimpleClass();
//3>将指针$assigned指向heap中的实例化对象
$assigned   =  $instance;
//4>将$instance的引用(地址)赋值给$reference
$reference  =& $instance;
$instance->var = '$assigned will have this value';
$instance = null;
// 5>间断$instance与heap中实例的连接。
var_dump($instance);
var_dump($reference);
var_dump($assigned);
输出:
NULL
NULL
object(SimpleClass)#1 (1) {
  ["var"]=>
    string(30) "$assigned will have this value"
}
图示整个过程:


类继承extends
一个类可以在声明中用 extends 关键字继承另一个类的方法和成员。不能扩展多个类,只能继承一个基类。

被继承的方法和成员可以通过用同样的名字重新声明被覆盖,除非父类定义方法时使用了 final 关键字。可以通过 parent:: 来访问被覆盖的方法或成员。(继承的机制到底怎样的?)
源代码如下:
class ExtendClass extends SimpleClass
{
   // Redefine the parent method
   function displayVar()
   {
       echo "Extending class\n";
       parent::displayVar();
   }
}
$extended = new ExtendClass();
$extended->displayVar();

输出:
Extending class
a default value

Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap

Video Face Swap

Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

PHP 8.4 Installation and Upgrade guide for Ubuntu and Debian PHP 8.4 Installation and Upgrade guide for Ubuntu and Debian Dec 24, 2024 pm 04:42 PM

PHP 8.4 brings several new features, security improvements, and performance improvements with healthy amounts of feature deprecations and removals. This guide explains how to install PHP 8.4 or upgrade to PHP 8.4 on Ubuntu, Debian, or their derivati

7 PHP Functions I Regret I Didn't Know Before 7 PHP Functions I Regret I Didn't Know Before Nov 13, 2024 am 09:42 AM

If you are an experienced PHP developer, you might have the feeling that you’ve been there and done that already.You have developed a significant number of applications, debugged millions of lines of code, and tweaked a bunch of scripts to achieve op

How To Set Up Visual Studio Code (VS Code) for PHP Development How To Set Up Visual Studio Code (VS Code) for PHP Development Dec 20, 2024 am 11:31 AM

Visual Studio Code, also known as VS Code, is a free source code editor — or integrated development environment (IDE) — available for all major operating systems. With a large collection of extensions for many programming languages, VS Code can be c

Explain JSON Web Tokens (JWT) and their use case in PHP APIs. Explain JSON Web Tokens (JWT) and their use case in PHP APIs. Apr 05, 2025 am 12:04 AM

JWT is an open standard based on JSON, used to securely transmit information between parties, mainly for identity authentication and information exchange. 1. JWT consists of three parts: Header, Payload and Signature. 2. The working principle of JWT includes three steps: generating JWT, verifying JWT and parsing Payload. 3. When using JWT for authentication in PHP, JWT can be generated and verified, and user role and permission information can be included in advanced usage. 4. Common errors include signature verification failure, token expiration, and payload oversized. Debugging skills include using debugging tools and logging. 5. Performance optimization and best practices include using appropriate signature algorithms, setting validity periods reasonably,

PHP Program to Count Vowels in a String PHP Program to Count Vowels in a String Feb 07, 2025 pm 12:12 PM

A string is a sequence of characters, including letters, numbers, and symbols. This tutorial will learn how to calculate the number of vowels in a given string in PHP using different methods. The vowels in English are a, e, i, o, u, and they can be uppercase or lowercase. What is a vowel? Vowels are alphabetic characters that represent a specific pronunciation. There are five vowels in English, including uppercase and lowercase: a, e, i, o, u Example 1 Input: String = "Tutorialspoint" Output: 6 explain The vowels in the string "Tutorialspoint" are u, o, i, a, o, i. There are 6 yuan in total

How do you parse and process HTML/XML in PHP? How do you parse and process HTML/XML in PHP? Feb 07, 2025 am 11:57 AM

This tutorial demonstrates how to efficiently process XML documents using PHP. XML (eXtensible Markup Language) is a versatile text-based markup language designed for both human readability and machine parsing. It's commonly used for data storage an

Explain late static binding in PHP (static::). Explain late static binding in PHP (static::). Apr 03, 2025 am 12:04 AM

Static binding (static::) implements late static binding (LSB) in PHP, allowing calling classes to be referenced in static contexts rather than defining classes. 1) The parsing process is performed at runtime, 2) Look up the call class in the inheritance relationship, 3) It may bring performance overhead.

What are PHP magic methods (__construct, __destruct, __call, __get, __set, etc.) and provide use cases? What are PHP magic methods (__construct, __destruct, __call, __get, __set, etc.) and provide use cases? Apr 03, 2025 am 12:03 AM

What are the magic methods of PHP? PHP's magic methods include: 1.\_\_construct, used to initialize objects; 2.\_\_destruct, used to clean up resources; 3.\_\_call, handle non-existent method calls; 4.\_\_get, implement dynamic attribute access; 5.\_\_set, implement dynamic attribute settings. These methods are automatically called in certain situations, improving code flexibility and efficiency.

See all articles