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PHP中文URL编解码(urlencode()rawurlencode()

Jun 13, 2016 pm 12:15 PM
php string url urlencode under Chinese yes decoding explain detailed

下面是详细解释:///\\\
string urlencode ( string str)
返回字符串,此字符串中除了 -_. 之外的所有非字母数字字符都将被替换成百分号(%)后跟两位十六进制数,空格则编码为加号(+)。此编码与 WWW 表单 POST 数据的编码方式是一样的,同时与 application/x-www-form-urlencoded 的媒体类型编码方式一样。由于历史原因,此编码在将空格编码为加号(+)方面与 RFC1738 编码(参见 rawurlencode())不同。此函数便于将字符串编码并将其用于 URL 的请求部分,同时它还便于将变量传递给下一页: 例子 1. urlencode() 示例

复制代码 代码如下:


echo '';
?>


注意:小心与 HTML 实体相匹配的变量。像 &、© 和 £ 都将被浏览器解析,并使用实际实体替代所期待的变量名。这是明显的混乱,W3C 已经告诫人们好几年了。参考地址:http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/appendix/notes.html#h-B.2.2 PHP 通过 arg_separator .ini 指令,支持将参数分割符变成 W3C 所建议的分号。不幸的是大多数用户代理并不发送分号分隔符格式的表单数据。较为简单的解决办法是使用 & 代替 & 作为分隔符。你不需要为此修改 PHP 的 arg_separator。让它仍为 &,而仅使用 htmlentities(urlencode($data)) 对你的 URL 进行编码。
例子 2. urlencode() 与 htmlentities() 示例

复制代码 代码如下:


echo '';
?>



string urlencode ( string str)
返回字符串,此字符串中除了 -_. 之外的所有非字母数字字符都将被替换成百分号(%)后跟两位十六进制数。这是在 RFC 1738 中描述的编码,是为了保护原义字符以免其被解释为特殊的 URL 定界符,同时保护 URL 格式以免其被传输媒体(像一些邮件系统)使用字符转换时弄乱。例如,如果你想在 FTP 的 URL 中包含密码:
例子 1. rawurlencode() 示例 1

复制代码 代码如下:


echo '';
?>



或者,如果你想通过 URL 的 PATH_INFO 构成部分去传递信息:
例子 2. rawurlencode() 示例 2

复制代码 代码如下:


echo '';
?>



在解码时,可以使用相应的 urldecode() 和 rawurldecode(),相应地,rawurldecode() 不会把加号('+')解码为空格,而 urldecode() 可以。 下面是详细示例:
string urldecode ( string str)
解码给出的已编码字符串中的任何 %##。返回解码后的字符串。 例子 1. urldecode() example

复制代码 代码如下:


$a = explode('&', $QUERY_STRING);
$i = 0;
while ($i $b = split('=', $a[$i]);
echo 'Value for parameter ', htmlspecialchars(urldecode($b[0])),
' is ', htmlspecialchars(urldecode($b[1])), "
n";
$i++;
}
?>


string rawurldecode ( string str)
返回字符串,此字符串中百分号(%)后跟两位十六进制数的序列都将被替换成原义字符。
例子 1. rawurldecode() 示例

复制代码 代码如下:


echo rawurldecode('foo%20bar%40baz'); // foo bar@baz
?>


但是,有一点需要注意的地方是,urldecode() 和 rawurldecode() 解码出的字符串是 UTF-8格式的编码,如果URL中含有中文的话,而页面设置又不是 UTF-8 的话,则要把解码出的字符串进行转换,才能正常显示!
还有一个问题,就是所获得的 URL 不是 %%nn n={0..F} 的格式,而是 %unnnn n={0..F} 的格式,这时候再使用 urldecode() 和 rawurldecode() 是无法正确解码的,而要用下面这个函数才能正确解码:

复制代码 代码如下:


function utf8RawUrlDecode ($source)
{
$decodedStr = "";
$pos = 0;
$len = strlen ($source);
while ($pos $charAt = substr ($source, $pos, 1);
if ($charAt == '%') {
$pos++;
$charAt = substr ($source, $pos, 1);
if ($charAt == 'u') {
// we got a unicode character
$pos++;
$unicodeHexVal = substr ($source, $pos, 4);
$unicode = hexdec ($unicodeHexVal);
$entity = "". $unicode . ';';
$decodedStr .= utf8_encode ($entity);
$pos += 4;
}
else {
// we have an escaped ascii character
$hexVal = substr ($source, $pos, 2);
$decodedStr .= chr (hexdec ($hexVal));
$pos += 2;
}
} else {
$decodedStr .= $charAt;
$pos++;
}
}
return $decodedStr;
}

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