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PHP源码之explode使用说明

Jun 13, 2016 pm 12:06 PM
explode php Instructions for use Split character us array Source code conduct

当我们需要将一个数组根据某个字符或字串进行分割成数组的时候,explode用的很happy,但是你知道~explode是怎么工作的么~~
首先可以肯定的是,explode也是会分配空间的,毫无疑问。

复制代码 代码如下:


//文件1:ext/standard/string.c
//先来看下explode的源代码
PHP_FUNCTION(explode)
{
char *str, *delim;
int str_len = 0, delim_len = 0;
long limit = LONG_MAX; /* No limit */
zval zdelim, zstr;
if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "ss|l", &delim, &delim_len, &str, &str_len, &limit) == FAILURE) {
return;
}
if (delim_len == 0) {
php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Empty delimiter");
RETURN_FALSE;
}
//这里会开辟一个数组,用来存放分割后的数据
array_init(return_value);
//因为这个,我们用explode('|', '');成为了合法的
if (str_len == 0) {
if (limit >= 0) {
add_next_index_stringl(return_value, "", sizeof("") - 1, 1);
}
return;
}
//下面这两个是将原字串和分割符都构建成_zval_struct 结构,
//ZVAL_STRINGL会分配空间哦~~源代码随后贴出
ZVAL_STRINGL(&zstr, str, str_len, 0);
ZVAL_STRINGL(&zdelim, delim, delim_len, 0);
//limit值是explode中允许传递的explode的第三个参数,它允许正负
if (limit > 1) {
php_explode(&zdelim, &zstr, return_value, limit);
} else if (limit php_explode_negative_limit(&zdelim, &zstr, return_value, limit);
} else {
add_index_stringl(return_value, 0, str, str_len, 1);
}
}


复制代码 代码如下:


//ZVAL_STRINGL的源代码:
//文件2:zend/zend_API.c
#define ZVAL_STRINGL(z, s, l, duplicate) { \
const char *__s=(s); int __l=l; \
Z_STRLEN_P(z) = __l; \
Z_STRVAL_P(z) = (duplicate?estrndup(__s, __l):(char*)__s);\
Z_TYPE_P(z) = IS_STRING; \
}
....
//estrndup才是主菜:
//文件3:zend/zend_alloc.h
#define estrndup(s, length) _estrndup((s), (length) ZEND_FILE_LINE_CC ZEND_FILE_LINE_EMPTY_CC)
....
//_estrndup的实现: zend/zend_alloc.c
ZEND_API char *_estrndup(const char *s, uint length ZEND_FILE_LINE_DC ZEND_FILE_LINE_ORIG_DC)
{
char *p;
p = (char *) _emalloc(length+1 ZEND_FILE_LINE_RELAY_CC ZEND_FILE_LINE_ORIG_RELAY_CC);
if (UNEXPECTED(p == NULL)) {
return p;
}
memcpy(p, s, length); //分配空间
p[length] = 0;
return p;
}
//另外在substr和strrchr strstr中用到的ZVAL_STRING也是使用了上诉的实现


下面根据explode的第三个参数limit来分析调用:条件对应的是explode中最后的三行,对limit条件的不同
注: limit在缺省的时候(没有传递),他的默认值是LONG_MAX,也就是属于分支1的情况
1、limit > 1 :
调用php_explode方法,该方法也可以在ext/standard/string.c中找到,并且是紧接着explode实现的上面出现(所以在查找本函数中调用来自本文件的方法的时候很方便,几乎无一列外都是在该函数的紧接着的上面^_^),

复制代码 代码如下:


PHPAPI void php_explode(zval *delim, zval *str, zval *return_value, long limit)
{
char *p1, *p2, *endp;
//先得到的是源字串的末尾位置的指针
endp = Z_STRVAL_P(str) + Z_STRLEN_P(str);
//记录开始位置
p1 = Z_STRVAL_P(str);
//下面这个是获得分割符在str中的位置,可以看到在strrpos和strpos中也用到了这个方法去定位
p2 = php_memnstr(Z_STRVAL_P(str), Z_STRVAL_P(delim), Z_STRLEN_P(delim), endp);
if (p2 == NULL) {
//因为这个,所以当我们调用explode('|', 'abc');是合法的,出来的的就是array(0 => 'abc')
add_next_index_stringl(return_value, p1, Z_STRLEN_P(str), 1);
} else {
//依次循环获得下一个分隔符的位置,直到结束
do {
//将得到的子字串(上个位置到这个位置中间的一段,第一次的时候上个位置就是开始
add_next_index_stringl(return_value, p1, p2 - p1, 1);
//定位到分隔符位置p2+分隔符的长度的位置
//比如,分隔符='|', 原字串= 'ab|c', p2 = 2, 则p1=2+1=3
p1 = p2 + Z_STRLEN_P(delim);
} while ((p2 = php_memnstr(p1, Z_STRVAL_P(delim), Z_STRLEN_P(delim), endp)) != NULL &&
--limit > 1);
//将最后的一个分隔符后面的字串放到结果数组中
//explode('|', 'avc|sdf'); => array(0 => 'avc', 1= > 'sdf')
if (p1 add_next_index_stringl(return_value, p1, endp-p1, 1);
}
}


2、limit 调用php_explode_negative_limit方法

复制代码 代码如下:


PHPAPI void php_explode_negative_limit(zval *delim, zval *str, zval *return_value, long limit)
{
#define EXPLODE_ALLOC_STEP 64
char *p1, *p2, *endp;
endp = Z_STRVAL_P(str) + Z_STRLEN_P(str);
p1 = Z_STRVAL_P(str);
p2 = php_memnstr(Z_STRVAL_P(str), Z_STRVAL_P(delim), Z_STRLEN_P(delim), endp);
if (p2 == NULL) {
//它这里竟然没有处理,那explode('|', 'abc', -1) 就成非法的了,获得不了任何值
/*
do nothing since limit by doing nothing we return empty array
*/
} else {
int allocated = EXPLODE_ALLOC_STEP, found = 0;
long i, to_return;
char **positions = emalloc(allocated * sizeof(char *));
//注意这里的positions的声明,这个数组是用来保存所有子字串的读取位置
positions[found++] = p1; //当然起始位置还是需要保存
//下面两个循环,第一个是循环所有在字符串中出现的分隔符位置,并保存下一个子字串读取位置起来
do {
if (found >= allocated) {
allocated = found + EXPLODE_ALLOC_STEP;/* make sure we have enough memory */
positions = erealloc(positions, allocated*sizeof(char *));
}
positions[found++] = p1 = p2 + Z_STRLEN_P(delim);
} while ((p2 = php_memnstr(p1, Z_STRVAL_P(delim), Z_STRLEN_P(delim), endp)) != NULL);
//这个就是从数组中开始获得返回的结果将从哪个子字串开始读
to_return = limit + found;
/* limit is at least -1 therefore no need of bounds checking : i will be always less than found */
for (i = 0;i 0 */
add_next_index_stringl(return_value, positions[i],
(positions[i+1] - Z_STRLEN_P(delim)) - positions[i],
1
);
}
efree(positions);//很重要,释放内存
}
#undef EXPLODE_ALLOC_STEP
}


3、limit = 1 or limit = 0 :
当所有第一和第二条件都不满足的时候,就进入的这个分支,这个分支很简单就是将源字串放到输出数组中,explode('|', 'avc|sd', 1) or explode('|', 'avc|sd', 0) 都将返回array(0 => 'avc|sd');

复制代码 代码如下:


//add_index_stringl源代码
//文件4:zend/zend_API.c
ZEND_API int add_next_index_stringl(zval *arg, const char *str, uint length, int duplicate) /* {{{ */
{
zval *tmp;
MAKE_STD_ZVAL(tmp);
ZVAL_STRINGL(tmp, str, length, duplicate);
return zend_hash_next_index_insert(Z_ARRVAL_P(arg), &tmp, sizeof(zval *), NULL);
}
//zend_hash_next_index_insert
//zend/zend_hash.h
#define zend_hash_next_index_insert(ht, pData, nDataSize, pDest) \
_zend_hash_index_update_or_next_insert(ht, 0, pData, nDataSize, pDest, HASH_NEXT_INSERT ZEND_FILE_LINE_CC)
//zend/zend_hash.c
///太长了~~~~不贴了


可见(不包含分配空间这些),
当limit>1的时候,效率是O(N)【N为limit值】,
当limit当limit=1 or limit=0 的时候, 效率是O(1)
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