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PHP教程:不用递归遍历目录下的文件

Jun 13, 2016 am 11:40 AM
php subdirectory Tutorial document most of want recursion Traverse

如果要遍历某个目录下的所有文件(包括子目录),最首先想到的思路就是用递归:先处理当前目录,再处理当前目录下的子目录。不用递归可不可以呢?以前学数据结构的时候看到过,递归其实是利用堆栈来实现的,递归的特点就是不断的调用自身,最后一次的调用是最先执行完的,倒数第二次调用是其次执行完的,依次类推,最初的调用是最后执行完的。如果理解了递归的原理,其实就可以把所有用递归的实现转化为非递归的实现。

用非递归方式遍历某个目录下的所有文件,思路主要分三步:

1. 创建一个数组,将要遍历的这个目录放入;(其实就是创建了一个栈)

2. 循环处理这个数组,循环结束的条件是数组为空;

3. 每次循环,处理数组中的一个元素,并将元素删除,如果这个元素是目录,则将目录下所有的子元素加入数组;

按照这种思路写出的代码如下:

Copy to Clipboard引用的内容:[www.bkjia.com] /**
* 遍历某个目录下的所有文件
* @param string $dir
* from bkjia.com
*/
function scanAll($dir)
{
$list = array();
$list[] = $dir;

while (count($list) > 0)
{
//弹出数组最后一个元素
$file = array_pop($list);

//处理当前文件
echo $file."\r\n";

//如果是目录
if (is_dir($file))
{
$children = scandir($file);
foreach ($children as $child)
{
if ($child !== '.' && $child !== '..')
{
$list[] = $file.'/'.$child;
}
}
}
}
}

这里我并没有认为递归有多大的缺点,事实上很多情况下,用递归来设计还是非常简洁可读的,至于效率问题,除非在递归深度特别大的时候,才会有影响。

以下是用递归的实现,作为对比:

Copy to Clipboard引用的内容:[www.bkjia.com] /**
* 遍历某个目录下的所有文件(递归实现)
* @param string $dir
*/
function scanAll2($dir)
{
echo $dir."\r\n";

if (is_dir($dir))
{
$children = scandir($dir);
foreach ($children as $child)
{
if ($child !== '.' && $child !== '..')
{
scanAll2($dir.'/'.$child);
}
}
}
}
// bkjia.com

运行发现,两个函数的结果略有不同,主要表现在打印的顺序上。函数一运行结果的顺序是倒着的,是因为压栈的顺序正好和scandir出来的顺序相反了,可以将第21行改一下:

Copy to Clipboard引用的内容:[www.bkjia.com] $children = array_reverse(scandir($file));

这样出来结果就完全相同了。

本文来源:http://blog.quanhz.com/archives/210

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