初学者必看:关于PHP数组元素介绍
PHP经过长时间的发展,很多用户都很了解PHP了,这里我发表一下个人理解,和大家讨论讨论关于PHP数组元素。如果你曾经写过使用大量变量的脚本(有时候近100个),你就会知道跟踪每个变量的内容和用途是多么的难受。真的,我曾经有过这样的经历。如果我们能把变量保存在另一个变量里边,变量列表的长度就从100减少到10以内。这就是数组是如何而来的。
<ol class="dp-xml"> <li class="alt"><span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">php</span></font></strong><span> </span></span></li> <li class=""> <span>$</span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">array</font></span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">arrayPeople</font></span><span> = array("John", "Susie", "Dave"); </span> </li> <li class="alt"> <span></span><span class="tag"><strong><font color="#006699">?></font></strong></span><span> </span> </li> </ol>
现在,我使用$arrayPeople来代替$sPerson1, $sPerson2, and $sPerson3。注意我是如何使用PHP中的array()函数的。如果这三个名字是数字,我不会使用引号把它引起来。为了显示这三个名字,我是这样做的:
<ol class="dp-xml"> <li class="alt"><span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">php</span></font></strong><span> </span></span></li> <li class=""> <span>$</span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">array</font></span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">arrayPeople</font></span><span> = array("John", "Susie", "Dave"); </span> </li> <li class="alt"><span>print $arrayPeople[0]; </span></li> <li class=""><span>print $arrayPeople[1]; </span></li> <li class="alt"><span>print $arrayPeople[2]; </span></li> <li class=""> <span></span><span class="tag"><strong><font color="#006699">?></font></strong></span><span> </span> </li> </ol>
为什么是从零开始?因为索引从那里开始。不管你把什么放到数组里,索引总是从零(0)开始自动累加。你可以手动给索引指定一个特定的入口,等一下我会说到这点。现在我将给你演示怎么通过一个循环自动的显示一个数组的内容:
<ol class="dp-xml"> <li class="alt"><span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">php</span></font></strong><span> </span></span></li> <li class=""> <span>$</span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">array</font></span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">arrayPeople</font></span><span> = array("John", "Susie", "Dave"); </span> </li> <li class="alt"> <span>$</span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">nArraySize</font></span><span> = </span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">count</font></span><span>($arrayPeople); </span> </li> <li class=""> <span>for($</span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">index</font></span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">0</font></span><span>; $index </span><span class="tag"><strong><font color="#006699"></font></strong></span><span> $nArraySize; $index++) // max. index is always number of entries - 1 </span> </li> <li class="alt"><span>// because index starts at zero </span></li> <li class=""><span>{ </span></li> <li class="alt"><span>print $arrayPeople[$index]; </span></li> <li class=""><span>} </span></li> <li class="alt"> <span></span><span class="tag"><strong><font color="#006699">?></font></strong></span><span> </span> </li> </ol>
在这种情况下,$index是条目的索引(地址),$nArraySize是PHP数组元素的个数。count()函数返回PHP数组元素的个数。对像我刚才使用的小数组而已,使用循环的确增加了代码的长度,但是当你开始处理元素成百上千的数组时(他们的确存在),你就会很乐意使用循环了。
下边我将讲讲如何创建为数组创建你自己的索引。每当我使用SESSIONS来为我的网站设定管理员权限的时候,我都会使用数组来保存seesion信息。这里是相关的代码
<ol class="dp-xml"> <li class="alt"><span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">php</span></font></strong><span> </span></span></li> <li class=""> <span>$</span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">SESSION</font></span><span>= </span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">array</font></span><span>(); // that creates a blank array </span> </li> <li class="alt"><span>$SESSION["username"] = $sUserName; </span></li> <li class=""><span>$SESSION["password"] = $sPassword; </span></li> <li class="alt"><span>$SESSION["accesslevel"] = $nLevel; </span></li> <li class=""><span>// etc,etc,etc. </span></li> <li class="alt"> <span></span><span class="tag"><strong><font color="#006699">?></font></strong></span><span> </span> </li> </ol>
看见我怎么使用单词来表示索引了吗?这样我就可以知道$SESSION["username"]包含的是人名。这比要从$SESSION[0]记起它保存的是用户名容易多了。我使用数组时总是像这样使用变量的名字代替索引来表示元素。所以为了在数组$arrayDays中保存$nDaysinMay,我会使用$arrayDays["nDaysinMay"]。这样我就能始终知道元素里包含的是什么变量。

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