PHP 5.3新版特性浅析(1)
从php4到php5,从个人框架到开源框架的发展,见证着php从山寨走上正规大军的发展。php6还在酝酿中,相信php5会作为php6小试牛刀的场地。php5.3是php5的一个里程碑,加入了大量新特性。
我个人总感觉php功能是越来越多了,但是php的语法却越来越丑陋了,有时加入了新功能,而新功能带来了问题,为了修复问题,又要加入新的语法来修复,郁闷。估计php用语法修复问题是为了更好的解析。
一、mysql驱动mysqlnd
一直以来,php都是通过mysql客户端连接mysql,而现在mysql官方已经推出php版的mysql客户端,而这个mysqlnd有效降低内存的使用以及提高性能。具体可以看:
http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/connector/php-mysqlnd/
http://forge.mysql.com/wiki/PHP_MYSQLND
498)this.width=498;' onmousewheel = 'javascript:return big(this)' src="http://www.bkjia.com/uploadfile/2013/0904/20130904094555148.jpg" width=480>
从图中可以看出,使用mysqlnd少了从mysql驱动中复制数据到php扩展这一步。mysqlnd使用copy-on-write,也就是写时复制,读引用。
mysqlnd已经内置在php5.3的源码中,编译的时候使用--with-mysql=mysqlnd、--with-mysqli=mysqlnd 和 --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd 安装mysqlnd驱动。
mysqlnd的优点
编译php更方便了,不需要libmysql,已经内置在源码中
- 编译php更方便了,不需要libmysql,已经内置在源码中
- 使用php许可,避免版权问题
- 使用php的内存管理,支持php内存限制(memory_limit)
- 所有数据在内存只有一份,之前的libmysql有两份,参考上图
- 提供性能统计功能,帮助分析瓶颈
- mysqli支持长连接(persistent connections)
- 性能绝对比libmysql要快
- 在驱动层增加缓存机制
看了这么多特点,有点矛盾,作为数据库抽象层的PDO能把不同后端的特点发挥出来吗?如果使用mysql作为数据库的话mysqli是不是更好的选择?我总觉得mysqli只是个过度产品,PDO才是未来的。
二、性能提高
- md5()大概提高了10%-15%的性能
- Better stack implementation in the engine,没明白
- 常量保存在ROM里(Constants moved to read-only memory),这里没明白意思
- 改进异常处理,操作码(opcode)更简洁
- 解决了include(require)_once重复打开的问题,之前once我都是用静态变量实现的,终于解决这个问题了
- 用gcc4编译的二进制文件将更小
- 整体性能提高了5%-15%
很多人觉得web的瓶颈在db,所以app应用的性能毫不在乎,我认为主要是因为app扩展比db扩展要容易得多,所以才会产生db瓶颈,但这并不意味着可以不顾虑app的性能,毕竟最终还是要在app里解决各种问题的,作为一名程序员编写高质量的代码是最基本的要求。程序的内存使用量少点和执行速度快点,在高并发下是有很效果的,有些时候你改动下实现方法,能提高几十倍也很正常,当然如果付出要很多收获很少的时候就不要太执着了,我觉得一定要有编写高质量代码的意识。
三、?:操作符
其实就是js里的||,返回的结果不是逻辑类型,而是返回本来变量的值,例如 false ?: 123返回123,而不是true。语法就是有点怪怪! 1

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