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PHP中用Socket发送电子邮件

Jun 13, 2016 am 10:36 AM
mail php socket Home page author several send exist supply Apply e-mail of were able

在作者所申请的几个PHP 主页空间中,能够提供mail功能的实在不多,总是调用完mail()函数之后就毫
无下文了。但是电子邮件在网上生活中的作用越来越大作用我不想再说了,但是如果主页空间不支持mail()发送那么怎么办呢?我也想过通过socket来实现邮件
发送,但无奈对用php 进行socket编程不熟悉,再加上发送邮件要用到SMTP协议,又要读不少的英文了,所
以一直也没有去研究过。终于有一天我发现了一篇文章,关于用socket编程发送邮件。我如获至宝般将其拷
贝下来,并且将其改造成了一个php 可用的类,供大家使用。原来的文章只是一个简单的例子,而且还有一
些错误,在我经过多次的实验、改造终于将其改成了一个直接使用socket,向指定的邮箱发送邮件的类,如
果大家和前面关于发送MIME的文章结合起来,就可以实现在不支持mail()函数的网站上发送邮件了。因为发
送邮件的过程需要时间,可能与mail()的处理机制还不完全一样,所以速度要慢一些,但是可以解决需要发
送邮件功能的燃眉之急,同时你也可以学习用php 进行socket编程。下面就将这个类的实现原理介绍给大家,
同时向大家讲解一些关于SMTP的基本知识。

Socket编程介绍
  向大家申明,本人不是一个TCP/IP编程专家,故在此只是讲出了我的一点理解和体会。

  使用fsockopen函数打开一个Internet连接,函数语法格式:

int fsockopen(string hostname, int port, int [errno], string [errstr], int [timeout]);

  参数的意思我想不用讲了,这里由于要使用SMTP协议,所以端口号为25。在打开连接成功后,会返回一
个socket句柄,使用它就可以象使用文件句柄一样的。可使用的操作有fputs(),fgets(),feof(),fclose()
等。

  很简单地介绍就到这里吧。

SMTP的基础
  基于TCP/IP的因特网协议一般的命令格式都是通过请求/ 应答方式实现的,采用的都是文本信息,所以
处理起来要容易一些。SMTP是简单邮件传输协议的简称,它可以实现客户端向服务器发送邮件的功能。所以
下面所讲的命令是指客户端向服务器发出请求指令,而响应则是指服务器返回给客户端的信息。

  SMTP分为命令头和信息体两部分。命令头主要完成客户端与服务器的连接,验证等。整个过程由多条命
令组成。每个命令发到服务器后,由服务器给出响应信息,一般为3 位数字的响应码和响应文本。不同的服
务器返回的响应码是遵守协议的,但是响应正文本则不必。每个命令及响应的最后都有一个回车符,这样使
用fputs()和fgets()就可以进行命令与响应的处理了。SMTP的命令及响应信息都是单行的。信息体蚴怯始?
的正文部分,最后的结束行应以单独的"."作为结束行。

  客户端一些常用的SMTP指令为:

HELO hostname: 与服务器打招呼并告知客户端使用的机器名字,可以随便填写
MAIL FROM: sender_id : 告诉服务器发信人的地址
RCPT TO: receiver_id : 告诉服务器收信人的地址
DATA : 下面开始传输信件内容,且最后要以只含有.的特殊行结束
RESET: 取消刚才的指令,从新开始
VERIFY userid: 校验帐号是否存在(此指令为可选指令,服务器可能不支持)
QUIT : 退出连接,结束
  服务器返回的响应信息为(格式为:响应码+空格+解释):

220 服务就绪(在socket连接成功时,会返回此信息)
221 正在处理
250 请求邮件动作正确,完成(HELO,MAIL FROM,RCPT TO,QUIT指令执行成功会返回此信息)
354 开始发送数据,结束以 .(DATA指令执行成功会返回此信息,客户端应发送信息)
500 语法错误,命令不能识别
550 命令不能执行,邮箱无效
552 中断处理:用户超出文件空间
  下面给出一个简单的命令头(这是在打开socket之后做的),是我向stmp.263.net发邮件的测试结果:

HELO limodou
250 smtp.263.net
MAIL FROM: chatme@263.net
250 Ok
RCPT TO: chatme@263.net
250 Ok
DATA
354 End data with .
To: chatme@263.net
From: chatme@263.net
Subject: test
From: chatme@263.net
test
.
QUIT
250 Ok: queued as C46411C5097E0

  这就是一些SMTP的简单知识。相关内容可以查阅RFC。

RFC 821定义了收/发电子邮件的相关指令。
RFC 822则制定了邮件內容的格式。
RFC 2045-2048制定了多媒体邮件內容的格式,
RFC 1113, 1422-1424则是讨论如何增进电子邮件的保密性。

send_mail类的实现
  现在开始介绍我所编写的发送邮件类。有了上面的预备知识了,下面就是实现了。

类的成员变量

var $lastmessage; //记录最后返回的响应信息
var $lastact; //最后的动作,字符串形式
var $welcome; //用在HELO后面,欢迎用户
var $debug; //是否显示调试信息
var $smtp; //smtp服务器
var $port; //smtp端口号
var $fp; //socket句柄

  其中,$lastmessage和$lastact用于记录最后一次响应信息及执行的命令,当出错时,用户可以使用它
们。为了测试需要,我还定义了$debug变量,当其值为true时,会在运行过程中显示一些执行信息,否则无
任何输出。$fp用于保存打开后的socket句柄。

类的构造


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
function send_mail($smtp, $welcome="", $debug=false)
{
if(empty($smtp)) die("SMTP cannt be NULL!");
$this->smtp=$smtp;
if(empty($welcome))
{
$this->welcome=gethostbyaddr("localhost");
}
else
$this->welcome=$welcome;
$this->debug=$debug;
$this->lastmessage="";
$this->lastact="";
$this->port="25";
}
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  这个构造函数主要完成一些初始值的判定及设置。$welcome用于HELO指令中,告诉服务器用户的名字。
HELO指令要求为机器名,但是不用也可以。如果用户没有给出$welcome,则自动查找本地的机器名。

显示调试信息

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 function show_debug($message, $inout)
2 {
3 if ($this->debug)
4 {
5 if($inout=="in") //响应信息
6 {
7 $m= 8 }
9 else
10
$m=>> ;
11 if(!ereg(" $", $message))
12 $message .= "
";
13 $message=nl2br($message);
14 echo "${m}${message}";
15 }
16 }
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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