浅谈PHP语法1
《谈谈HTML语法》一文,我已经介绍了基本的HTML语法。可以编出一个静态的Web页,可动态交互信息是很重要的。如一些网站的会员制崐的会员注册、登录都需后端程序的运行。很多网站所用的CGI程序主要用Perl、ASP、Java、PHP编写,而我们所要用的就是PHP。它是完全免崐费的,这就要感谢那些默默无闻的编程人员了。 PHP的结构类似于C语言,这可是应证了C语言里提的“一处学习,到处编程”。相信学过C崐语言的人可很容易上手PHP的。还是先介绍一些PHP语法吧。本文适合初学者学习。
PHP与C语言也有一些差别,或者说在某种程度上可能比C语言更为灵活。在C语言中,变量要先定义,才能使用。而PHP中变量则不需崐事先定义,直接使用即可。对于变量的类型,在赋值时自动生成。PHP变量的类型分为:整数(int)、双精度型(double)、字符串(string)、崐数组(array)、对象(object)。
整数大小超出其范围后,自动转化为双精度型,其值范围如下表:
┌─────┬─────┬──────┬────────────┐
│ 声明类型 │长度(位)│长度(字节)│ 值的范围 │
├─────┼─────┼──────┼────────────┤
│ int │ 32 │ 4 │-2147483647~2147483647 │
├─────┼─────┼──────┼────────────┤
│ double │ 32 │ 4 │ 1.7E-308~1.7E+308 │
└─────┴─────┴──────┴────────────┘
字符串,通常用""(双引号)表示。也可用(单引号)表示,如下:
$a="abc";
$b="abc$a";
$c=abc$a;
$d=""cde"";
$e="cde";
PHP中的各种变量均在变量名前加上“$”以示区别。
注意,$b的内容为abcabc,$c的内容为abc$a,$d的内容为"cde",$e的内容也为"cde"。可以看出,双引号中的内容中的变量名会被替代崐,而单引号中的则不会。双引号中的内容需转义,如$应用$表示,而单引号中的则不用。
PHP中的数组语法为:
数组名[索引]
索引可为数字,也可为文字。但不建议使用文字,因为意义不大。对于数组也比其它语言灵活如下例:
$names[]=100;
$names[]=200;
$names[]="hi,how are you";
$names[]=98.5;
$names[]=1.7E+23;
$num=count($names);
for ($i=0;$i echo "$names[$i]
";
}
?>
可看出,一个数组中的元素不一定为同一类型,这就是PHP数组的“活”处。
使用对象,可使编程者更易于维护,也使程序更为易读。较其它语言,PHP可简单多了,它只有类别(class)、方法(method)、属性(attr崐ibute)及扩展(extendsions)等。

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