Excel WORKDAY and NETWORKDAYS functions to calculate working days

This tutorial demonstrates how to use Excel's WORKDAY, WORKDAY.INTL, NETWORKDAYS, and NETWORKDAYS.INTL functions to efficiently calculate weekdays, considering custom weekend settings and holidays.

Microsoft Excel offers specialized functions for workday calculations: WORKDAY adds or subtracts workdays from a date, while NETWORKDAYS counts workdays between two dates. WORKDAY.INTL and NETWORKDAYS.INTL (available in Excel 2010 and later) provide enhanced control over weekend definitions.

Let's explore each function:

Excel WORKDAY Function:

The WORKDAY function calculates a date a specified number of workdays before or after a starting date, excluding weekends (Saturday and Sunday). Its syntax is:

WORKDAY(start_date, days, [holidays])

• start_date: The initial date.
• days: The number of workdays to add (positive) or subtract (negative).
• holidays: (Optional) A range of cells containing holiday dates to exclude.

Example: To find the date 30 workdays from 5/6/2015, excluding holidays in B2:B5: =WORKDAY(DATE(2015,5,6), 30, B2:B5)

Excel WORKDAY.INTL Function:

WORKDAY.INTL extends WORKDAY by allowing custom weekend definitions. Its syntax is:

WORKDAY.INTL(start_date, days, [weekend], [holidays])

• weekend: Specifies weekend days. This can be a number (1-7, 11-17 representing different weekend combinations) or a seven-character string ("0000011" for Saturday and Sunday as weekends, for example).
• Other arguments are the same as in WORKDAY.

Example: To add 30 workdays from A2, with Friday and Saturday as weekends and holidays in A5:A8 excluded: =WORKDAY.INTL(A2, 30, 7, A5:A8) or =WORKDAY.INTL(A2, 30, "0000110", A5:A8)

Excel NETWORKDAYS Function:

NETWORKDAYS counts workdays between two dates, excluding weekends. The syntax is:

NETWORKDAYS(start_date, end_date, [holidays])

• start_date and end_date: The start and end dates of the period.
• holidays: (Optional) A range of cells containing holiday dates.

Example: To count workdays between B2 and C2, excluding holidays in A2:A5: =NETWORKDAYS(B2, C2, $A$2:$A$5)

Excel NETWORKDAYS.INTL Function:

NETWORKDAYS.INTL is similar to NETWORKDAYS but allows custom weekend definitions, using the same weekend argument as WORKDAY.INTL.

Example: To count workdays between B2 and C2, with Sunday as the only weekend day and holidays in A2:A5 excluded: =NETWORKDAYS.INTL(B2, C2, 11, $A$2:$A$5) or =NETWORKDAYS.INTL(B2, C2, "0000001", $A$2:$A$5)

Highlighting Workdays:

Conditional formatting can highlight workdays. A formula combining WORKDAY, WEEKDAY, and COUNTIF can effectively identify and highlight future workdays within a specified timeframe, excluding weekends and holidays.

This comprehensive guide empowers you to leverage Excel's powerful workday functions for efficient date calculations and analysis. Remember to format date serial numbers appropriately for clear display.

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