How to freeze rows and columns in Excel

This tutorial demonstrates how to freeze cells in Excel, ensuring they remain visible while navigating other worksheet areas. Detailed instructions cover freezing rows (single or multiple), columns (single or multiple), and both simultaneously.

- Freezing Rows in Excel

• Locking the Top Row
• Freezing Multiple Rows
• Freezing Columns in Excel
  • Locking the First Column
  • Freezing Multiple Columns
• Freezing Rows and Columns Together
• Unfreezing Rows and Columns
• Troubleshooting Frozen Panes
• Alternative Methods for Locking Cells
  • Splitting Panes
  • Utilizing Tables to Lock Header Rows
  • Printing Header Rows on Each Page

Freezing Rows

Freezing rows is straightforward. Navigate to the View tab, then Freeze Panes, and select the appropriate option: Freeze Top Row (for the first row) or Freeze Panes (for multiple rows). Detailed steps are below.

Freezing the Top Row

To lock the top row, go to the View tab, locate the Window group, and select Freeze Panes > Freeze Top Row. The first row will remain visible while scrolling.

A grey line indicates a frozen row:

Freezing Multiple Rows

To freeze multiple rows (starting from row 1):

1. Select the row (or the first cell) immediately below the last row to be frozen.
2. In the View tab, choose Freeze Panes > Freeze Panes.

For example, to freeze the first two rows, select cell A3 (or row 3) and click Freeze Panes.

The frozen rows remain visible while scrolling:

Important Notes on Row Freezing:

• Only top rows can be frozen.
• All rows to be frozen must be visible before freezing.

Freezing Columns

Column freezing uses the Freeze Panes command similarly.

Freezing the First Column

To freeze the first column, select View > Freeze Panes > Freeze First Column.

Freezing Multiple Columns

To freeze multiple columns:

1. Select the column (or first cell) to the right of the last column to be frozen.
2. Go to the View tab and select Freeze Panes > Freeze Panes.

For instance, freezing the first two columns requires selecting cell C1 (or column C) and clicking Freeze Panes.

Frozen columns remain visible when scrolling horizontally:

Important Notes on Column Freezing:

• Only leftmost columns can be frozen.
• All columns to be frozen must be visible beforehand.

Freezing Rows and Columns Simultaneously

To freeze both rows and columns:

1. Select the cell below the last row and to the right of the last column to be frozen.
2. Choose View > Freeze Panes > Freeze Panes.

For example, freezing the top row and first column involves selecting cell B2 and clicking Freeze Panes.

This keeps the header row and first column visible during scrolling:

Unfreezing Panes

To unfreeze, go to View > Window > Freeze Panes > Unfreeze Panes.

Troubleshooting Frozen Panes

If Freeze Panes is greyed out, ensure you're not in cell editing mode and that the worksheet isn't protected.

Alternative Methods

Besides freezing panes, consider:

• Splitting Panes: Divides the window into scrollable sections. Select a cell at the split point and click the Split button in the View > Window group.
• Using Tables: Converting a range to a table keeps the header row visible. Use Ctrl T to create a table.
• Printing Header Rows: To repeat headers on each printed page, use the Print Titles option in the Page Layout tab.

This comprehensive guide covers various techniques for managing cell visibility in Excel.

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