How to Dockerize Your Next.js App: A Step-by-Step Guide

This blog post demonstrates how to containerize a Next.js application using Docker and Docker Compose. We'll cover creating a Dockerfile, a .dockerignore file (though not explicitly shown, it's implied), and configuring docker-compose.yml for efficient development and deployment. This ensures a consistent environment across all stages.

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Step 1: Setting up Your Next.js Project

Begin by creating a new Next.js application:

npx create-next-app@latest my-next-app

Replace "my-next-app" with your desired project name. This generates a basic Next.js project.

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Step 2: Docker Initialization

Navigate to your project directory and initialize Docker. While the original instructions suggest docker init, this command isn't standard. Instead, we'll create the necessary files manually. This offers more control and avoids potential issues with a non-standard command.

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The resulting project structure should resemble this:

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Step 3: Optimizing Next.js for Standalone Builds

Modify next.config.ts (or next.config.js) to generate a standalone build:

import type { NextConfig } from 'next'

const nextConfig: NextConfig = {
  output: 'standalone',
}

export default nextConfig

This simplifies deployment by creating a self-contained application.

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Step 4: Building the Dockerfile

Create a Dockerfile in your project root with the following content:

FROM node:20-alpine

WORKDIR /app
COPY package*.json ./
RUN npm install
COPY . .
EXPOSE 3000
CMD ["npm", "run", "dev"]

This uses a Node.js 20 Alpine image, installs dependencies, copies the application code, exposes port 3000, and starts the development server.

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Step 5: Configuring docker-compose.yml

Create a docker-compose.yml file in your project root:

version: "3.9"
services:
  web:
    build: .
    ports:
      - "3000:3000"
    environment:
      - NODE_ENV=development

This defines a service named web that builds the image from the current directory, maps port 3000, and sets the NODE_ENV to development.

Start the application using:

docker-compose up

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Conclusion

This streamlined approach uses standard Docker commands and best practices to containerize your Next.js app, simplifying deployment and ensuring consistency across environments. Remember to replace "my-next-app" with your actual project name.

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