Data Structures in Python - Trees
The tree data structure in Python is a non-linear data structure in which elements (called nodes) are connected by edges, and there is only one path between any two nodes.
Tree data structure in Python
Like all programming languages, a tree in Python is a hierarchical data structure with each node connected by edges. A tree consists of multiple nodes with a unique root node as the starting point. Trees are often used to represent hierarchical organizations, such as organizational charts or file systems.
The topmost node of the tree is called the root node, and the nodes below it are called child nodes. Each node can have multiple child nodes, and these child nodes can also have their own child nodes, forming a recursive structure.
Basic terminology for trees
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Root node: The top node of the tree.
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Parent node: A node with child nodes.
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Child node: A node that is a descendant of another node.
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Leaf node: A node without child nodes.
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Subtree: A tree consisting of a node and its descendants.
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Height: The number of edges in the longest path from a node to a leaf node.
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Depth: The number of edges from the root node to the node.
Type of tree data structure
There are three types of tree data structures:
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Binary tree: A tree data structure with at most 2 child nodes. Since each element in a binary tree has at most 2 child nodes, we usually name them left child node and right child node.
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Trinomial tree: A tree data structure with up to three child nodes per node, usually called "left", "middle" and "right" respectively.
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N-ary tree: A general tree is a collection of nodes, where each node is a data structure consisting of a reference list of records and their child nodes (repeated references are not allowed). Unlike a linked list, each node stores the addresses of multiple nodes.
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