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How Can I Select Elements Without Specific Classes or Attributes in CSS?
How Can I Select Elements Without Specific Classes or Attributes in CSS?
Negating Class and Attribute Selectors in CSS
Need to select elements that lack specific classes or attributes? CSS offers a solution through the :not() pseudo-class.
:not() Pseudo-Class
The :not() pseudo-class allows you to negate a selector, selecting elements that do not match the specified criteria. Typically, class selectors are used as follows:
:not(.printable) {
/* Styles for non-printable elements */
}Similarly, attribute selectors can be negated:
:not([attribute]) {
/* Styles for elements without the attribute */
}Example
Consider the following HTML:
<html>
To select all elements that do not have the "printable" class, use the following CSS rule:
:not(.printable) {
background-color: lightgray;
}This will highlight the nav and a elements in light gray.
Browser Support and Alternatives
IE8 and older do not support :not(). As an alternative, you can create style rules for elements that do have the "printable" class. If this is not feasible, consider restructuring your markup to accommodate limitations.
Considerations
Properties such as display: none on :not(.printable) will completely remove the element and its descendants from layout. To avoid this, use visibility: hidden instead, which allows visible descendants to show while the hidden elements continue affecting layout.
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