C++ mind map: comprehensively organize core programming knowledge
目标:构建一个全面的 C++ 思维导图,涵盖基本语法、面向对象编程、数据结构、算法以及输入输出。思维导图包括:基本语法:包含数据类型、变量、操作符、控制流和函数。面向对象编程(OOP):包含类和对象、继承、多态和虚函数。数据结构:包含数组、链表、栈、队列和树。算法:包含排序算法(冒泡排序、快速排序)和搜索算法(二分查找、广度优先搜索)。输入输出:包含文件操作和流操作符。
C++ 思维导图:掌握编程核心基础
目标:
构建一个综合全面的 C++ 思维导图,涵盖编程的核心知识点。
内容大纲:
1. 基本语法
- 数据类型
- 变量
- 操作符
- 控制流
- 函数
2. 面向对象编程(OOP)
- 类和对象
- 继承
- 多态
- 虚函数
3. 数据结构
- 数组
- 链表
- 栈和队列
- 树
4. 算法
- 排序算法(冒泡排序、快速排序)
- 搜索算法(二分查找、广度优先搜索)
5. 输入输出
- 文件操作
- 流操作符
实战案例:
1. 银行账户模拟
创建一个 C++ 程序来模拟一个银行账户,包括存款、取款和查看余额。
#include <iostream> class BankAccount { public: BankAccount(double initial_balance) : balance(initial_balance) {} void deposit(double amount) { balance += amount; } void withdraw(double amount) { balance -= amount; } double getBalance() { return balance; } private: double balance; }; int main() { // 创建一个银行账户对象 with with $1000 as initial balance BankAccount account(1000); // deposit $500 account.deposit(500); // withdraw $200 account.withdraw(200); // get balance double balance = account.getBalance(); // print the final balance std::cout << "Final balance: $" << balance << std::endl; return 0; }
2. 排序整数数组
创建一个 C++ 程序来使用快速排序算法对整数数组进行排序。
#include <iostream> #include <vector> using namespace std; void quickSort(vector<int>& nums, int low, int high) { if (low < high) { // partition int partitionIndex = partition(nums, low, high); // recursively sort the two halves quickSort(nums, low, partitionIndex - 1); quickSort(nums, partitionIndex + 1, high); } } int partition(vector<int>& nums, int low, int high) { // choose the pivot as the last element int pivot = nums[high]; int i = low - 1; for (int j = low; j < high; j++) { if (nums[j] <= pivot) { i++; swap(nums[i], nums[j]); } } // place the pivot in its correct position swap(nums[i + 1], nums[high]); return i + 1; } int main() { vector<int> nums = {5, 2, 8, 3, 1, 7, 4, 6}; quickSort(nums, 0, nums.size() - 1); // print the sorted array for (int num : nums) { cout << num << " "; } cout << endl; return 0; }
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