ORACLE SQL性能优化系列（一）
1. 选用适合的ORACLE优化器
ORACLE的优化器共有3种:
a. RULE (基于规则) b. COST (基于成本) c. CHOOSE (选择性)
设置缺省的优化器,可以通过对init.ora文件中OPTIMIZER_MODE参数的各种声明,如RULE,COST,CHOOSE,ALL_ROWS,FIRST_ROWS . 你当然也在SQL句级或是会话(session)级对其进行覆盖.
为了使用基于成本的优化器(CBO, Cost-Based Optimizer) , 你必须经常运行analyze 命令,以增加数据库中的对象统计信息(object statistics)的准确性.
如果数据库的优化器模式设置为选择性(CHOOSE),那么实际的优化器模式将和是否运行过analyze命令有关. 如果table已经被analyze过, 优化器模式将自动成为CBO , 反之,数据库将采用RULE形式的优化器.
在缺省情况下,ORACLE采用CHOOSE优化器, 为了避免那些不必要的全表扫描(full table scan) , 你必须尽量避免使用CHOOSE优化器,而直接采用基于规则或者基于成本的优化器.
2. 访问Table的方式
ORACLE 采用两种访问表中记录的方式:
a. 全表扫描
全表扫描就是顺序地访问表中每条记录. ORACLE采用一次读入多个数据块(database block)的方式优化全表扫描.
b. 通过ROWID访问表
你可以采用基于ROWID的访问方式情况,提高访问表的效率, , ROWID包含了表中记录的物理位置信息..ORACLE采用索引(INDEX)实现了数据和存放数据的物理位置(ROWID)之间的联系. 通常索引提供了快速访问ROWID的方法,因此那些基于索引列的查询就可以得到性能上的提高.
Hot AI Tools
Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos
AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.
Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free
Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover
Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!
Hot Article
Hot Tools
Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor
SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use
Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment
Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools
SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)
Hot Topics
What to do if the oracle can't be opened
Apr 11, 2025 pm 10:06 PM
Solutions to Oracle cannot be opened include: 1. Start the database service; 2. Start the listener; 3. Check port conflicts; 4. Set environment variables correctly; 5. Make sure the firewall or antivirus software does not block the connection; 6. Check whether the server is closed; 7. Use RMAN to recover corrupt files; 8. Check whether the TNS service name is correct; 9. Check network connection; 10. Reinstall Oracle software.
How to solve the problem of closing oracle cursor
Apr 11, 2025 pm 10:18 PM
The method to solve the Oracle cursor closure problem includes: explicitly closing the cursor using the CLOSE statement. Declare the cursor in the FOR UPDATE clause so that it automatically closes after the scope is ended. Declare the cursor in the USING clause so that it automatically closes when the associated PL/SQL variable is closed. Use exception handling to ensure that the cursor is closed in any exception situation. Use the connection pool to automatically close the cursor. Disable automatic submission and delay cursor closing.
How to create cursors in oracle loop
Apr 12, 2025 am 06:18 AM
In Oracle, the FOR LOOP loop can create cursors dynamically. The steps are: 1. Define the cursor type; 2. Create the loop; 3. Create the cursor dynamically; 4. Execute the cursor; 5. Close the cursor. Example: A cursor can be created cycle-by-circuit to display the names and salaries of the top 10 employees.
How to stop oracle database
Apr 12, 2025 am 06:12 AM
To stop an Oracle database, perform the following steps: 1. Connect to the database; 2. Shutdown immediately; 3. Shutdown abort completely.
What steps are required to configure CentOS in HDFS
Apr 14, 2025 pm 06:42 PM
Building a Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) on a CentOS system requires multiple steps. This article provides a brief configuration guide. 1. Prepare to install JDK in the early stage: Install JavaDevelopmentKit (JDK) on all nodes, and the version must be compatible with Hadoop. The installation package can be downloaded from the Oracle official website. Environment variable configuration: Edit /etc/profile file, set Java and Hadoop environment variables, so that the system can find the installation path of JDK and Hadoop. 2. Security configuration: SSH password-free login to generate SSH key: Use the ssh-keygen command on each node
How to create oracle dynamic sql
Apr 12, 2025 am 06:06 AM
SQL statements can be created and executed based on runtime input by using Oracle's dynamic SQL. The steps include: preparing an empty string variable to store dynamically generated SQL statements. Use the EXECUTE IMMEDIATE or PREPARE statement to compile and execute dynamic SQL statements. Use bind variable to pass user input or other dynamic values to dynamic SQL. Use EXECUTE IMMEDIATE or EXECUTE to execute dynamic SQL statements.
What to do if the oracle log is full
Apr 12, 2025 am 06:09 AM
When Oracle log files are full, the following solutions can be adopted: 1) Clean old log files; 2) Increase the log file size; 3) Increase the log file group; 4) Set up automatic log management; 5) Reinitialize the database. Before implementing any solution, it is recommended to back up the database to prevent data loss.
How to solve garbled code in oracle
Apr 11, 2025 pm 10:09 PM
Oracle garbled problems can be solved by checking the database character set to ensure they match the data. Set the client character set to match the database. Convert data or modify column character sets to match database character sets. Use Unicode character sets and avoid multibyte character sets. Check that the language settings of the database and client are correct.
