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php引用&详解

Jun 13, 2016 am 10:03 AM
amp php no function exist Quote usually have of Simple Detailed explanation transfer return

在php中一个简单的&符号可以有很大的文章可讲,我们今天简单讲一下关于php 变量引用与参数传值的用法,希望初学者看看参考这文章哦。

通过这种方式$a=test();得到的其实不是函数的引用返回,这跟普通的函数调用没有区别 至于原因: 这是PHP的规定
PHP规定通过$a=&test(); 方式得到的才是函数的引用返回
至于什么是引用返回呢(PHP手册上说:引用返回用在当想用函数找到引用应该被绑定在哪一个变量上面时。) 这句狗屁话 害我半天没看懂

用上面的例子来解释就是
$a=test()方式调用函数,只是将函数的值赋给$a而已, 而$a做任何改变 都不会影响到函数中的$b
而通过$a=&test()方式调用函数呢, 他的作用是 将return $b中的 $b变量的内存地址与$a变量的内存地址 指向了同一个地方
即产生了相当于这样的效果($a=&b;) 所以改变$a的值 也同时改变了$b的值 所以在执行了

 代码如下 复制代码
$a=&test();
$a=5;

以后,$b的值变为了5

这里是为了让大家理解函数的引用返回才使用静态变量的,其实函数的引用返回多用在对象中

对象的引用

以上代码是在PHP5中的运行效果
在PHP5中 对象的复制 是通过引用来实现的。上列中$b=new a; $c=$b; 其实等效于$b=new a; $c=&$b;
PHP5中默认就是通过引用来调用对象, 但有时你可能想建立一个对象的副本,并希望原来的对象的改变不影响到副本 . 为了这样的目的,PHP定义了一个特殊的方法,称为__clone.

引用的作用
如果程序比较大,引用同一个对象的变量比较多,并且希望用完该对象后手工清除它,个人建议用 "&" 方式,然后用$var=null的方式清除. 其它时候还是用php5的默认方式吧. 另外, php5中对于大数组的传递,建议用 "&" 方式, 毕竟节省内存空间使用。

取消引用
当你 unset 一个引用,只是断开了变量名和变量内容之间的绑定。这并不意味着变量内容被销毁了。例如:

 代码如下 复制代码

$a = 1;
$b =& $a;
unset ($a);
?> 

不会 unset $b,只是 $a。

global 引用
当用 global $var 声明一个变量时实际上建立了一个到全局变量的引用。也就是说和这样做是相同的:

 代码如下 复制代码

$var =& $GLOBALS["var"];
?> 

这意味着,例如,unset $var 不会 unset 全局变量。

$this
在一个对象的方法中,$this 永远是调用它的对象的引用。

//下面再来个小插曲
php中对于地址的指向(类似指针)功能不是由用户自己来实现的,是由Zend核心实现的,php中引用采用的是“写时拷贝”的原理,就是除非发生写操作,指向同一个地址的变量或者对象是不会被拷贝的。

通俗的讲
1:如果有下面的代码

其实此时 $a与$b都是指向同一内存地址 而并不是$a与$b占用不同的内存

 代码如下 复制代码

$source="110";
$a=$source;
$b=&$source;
$source="120";
echo $a."rn",$b;

这就是PHP的引用操作符&的问题了,变量$b因为在赋值的时候应用到了&导致,$b不是copy“110”给自己而是,直接指向了$source的老巢,以后$source就是他$b了。$source 不管怎么变化都会导致$b的变化——很像是一个主机连接两个显示器的关系,既然是这样的关系了$b的变化当然会导致$source的变化了

这就是PHP的引用操作符&的问题了,变量$b因为在赋值的时候应用到了&导致,$b不是copy“110”给自己而是,直接指向了$source的老巢,以后$source就是他$b了。$source 不管怎么变化都会导致$b的变化——很像是一个主机连接两个显示器的关系,既然是这样的关系了$b的变化当然会导致$source的变化了

输出的结果:122,知道了吧这两个变量从此就是一个“人”了,不要欺负他们哦!

其实为了程序的可读性和随后的编程的误操作,我是不推荐使用这个&引用操作符的,你想啊。你在10000行前,使用了一个$b=&$source;到10000行之后你就不一定记得了,万一你不小心赋错了值,排错的时候就够你喝一壶了!呵呵……

其实这个操作符更多的是用在了数据库连接上,因为我们创建数据库连接对象的时候,往往只需要一个,太多了没用啊。

假设我们有一个类:

 代码如下 复制代码

class MysqlConnect{} //用来创建数据库连接,那么我们每次调用的时候可以这样写
 
$conn=& new MysqlConnect();

这样的写法可以保证数据库的连接不会被重复的创建,耗费系统资源。但是如果你真的需要多个不同的连接,你千万不要这样写哦。

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