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PHP面向对象开发之魔术函数详解

Jun 13, 2016 am 09:52 AM
php tostring function object open have Detailed explanation For magic

php中魔术函数包括有tostring、call、clone、autoload几个常用的函数,希望此教程对各位朋友会有所帮助。

面向对象开发总结

1.对象的描述和配置。(可以理解为对对象的输出文字描述)
2.对象方法的一场处理。(可以理解为出现异常时候,自定义更人性化的错误信息)
3.克隆对象的应用。(可以理解为在原始对象上,克隆出一样的另一个对象,注意是另一个。)
4.自动载入对象的方法。(可以理解为引用)

1.对象描述和配置

方法名:__tostring()
格式:

 代码如下 复制代码
class My {
function __tostring() {
return "这里写这个类的文字描述"; //要用return,echo会出错。
}
}
$p = new My();
echo $p;

实例:

 代码如下 复制代码
class My {
 function __toString() {
  return "这个类的作用是,保卫地球。";
 }
}
$p = new My();
echo $p;
?>

2.对象方法的异常处理

调用一些不存在的对象方法的异常处理,是程序正常运行。
方法名:__call($funname,$arr_value)
格式:

 代码如下 复制代码
class My {
function __call($n,$v) {
echo "错误的方法名:".$n;
echo "错误的参数:".$v;
}
}

实例:

 代码如下 复制代码

class My {
 function __toString() {
  return "这个类的作用是,保卫地球。";
 }

 function __call ($n,$v) {
  echo "错误的方法".$n."
";
    echo "错误的值".print_r($v).""; //值是以数组方式传递的,所以要用print_r。
 }
}
$p = new My();
$p->demo("第一",6);
?>

3.对象的克隆

通过克隆方式可以在内存中生成两个一样的对象或升级原对象。(不是简单的赋值,而是在内存中开两块内存,克隆出的和被克隆的是2个属性方法一样的不同的两个对象)
方法名:__clone()
关键字:clone
格式:

 代码如下 复制代码
class My {
function __clone() {
echo "克隆时自动调用的函数";
}
}
$a = new My();
$b = clone $a;


实例:

 代码如下 复制代码

class My {
 public $name = "小猪";
 function __toString() {
  return "这个类的作用是,保卫地球。";
 }

 function __call ($n,$v) {
  echo "错误的方法".$n."
";
    echo "错误的值".print_r($v).""; //值是以数组方式传递的,所以要用print_r。
 }
}
$p = new My();
$b = clone $p;

echo $b->name="小猪头"."
"; //这是克隆并修改后的对象,如果使用 $b = $p,那修改$b->name="小猪头";后,再输出$p,也会被修改。
echo $p->name; //这是原对象,它已经被$b克隆了,其他都一样,但是他们是独立的。
?>


4.自动载入对象的方法


快速取得对象名称并自动载入进当前页面
方法名:__autoload()
格式:

 代码如下 复制代码
function __autoload($class_n) {
include($class_n.".php");
}
$p = new MyPc(); //自动调用执行如下
$d = new demo(); //include("mypc.php")

实例:

 代码如下 复制代码

function __aotoload ($class_name) {
 include($class_name.".php"); //写在类外部。
}

$p = new class_name(); //这里实例化的类名就被上面的函数变量 $class_name 替代了,非常方便。
?>

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