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对PHP PDO的一些认识小结,phppdo小结
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对PHP PDO的一些认识小结,phppdo小结

Jun 13, 2016 am 09:16 AM
pdo php

对PHP PDO的一些认识小结,phppdo小结

1、PDO(PHP Data Object)扩展为PHP定义了一个访问数据库的轻量、持久的接口。实现PDO接口的每一种数据库驱动都能以正则扩展的形式把各自的特色表现出来。

主要:PDO扩展只是一个抽象的接口层,利用PDO扩展本身并不能实现任何数据库操作,必须使用一个特定的数据库PDO驱动访问数据库

2、启动PDO方法:找到php.ini文件将

复制代码 代码如下:


  ;extension=php_pdo.dll


前的分号去掉即可(linux环境下类似)

3、PDO预定义类:

  PDO包含了三个预定义类:PDO、PDOStatement、PDOException

  (1)PDO类:代表一个PHP和数据库之间的连接

    PDO:构造器,创建一个新的PDO对象

    beginTransaction:开始事务

    commit:提交事务

    errorCode:从数据库返回一个错误代号,如果有的话

    errorInfo:从数据库返回一个含有错误信息的数组,如果有的话

    exec:执行一条SQL语句并返回影响的行数

    getAttribute:返回一个数据库的连接属性

    lastInsertId:返回最新插入到数据库的行(ID)

    prepare:为执行准备一条SQL语句,返回语句执行后的联合结果集

    query:执行一条SQL语句并返回结果集

    rollBack:回滚一个事务

    setAttribute:设置一个数据库连接属性

  (2)PDOStatement类:代表一条预处理语句以及语句执行后的联合结果集

    bindColomn:绑定一个PHP变量到结果集输出列

    bindParam:绑定一个变量到PHP预处理语句中的参数

    bindValue:绑定一个值到处理语句中的参数

    closeCursor:关闭游标,使语句可以再次执行

    cloumnCount:返回结果集中列的数量

    errorCode:从语句中返回一个错误代号,如果有的话

    errorInfo:从语句中返回包含错误信息的数组

    execute:执行一条预处理语句

    fetch:从结果集中取出一行

    fetchAll:从结果集中取出一个包含所有行的数组

    fetchColomn:返回结果集中某一列的数据

    getAttribute:返回一个PDOStatement属性

    getColomnMeta:返回结果集中某一列的结构

    nextRowset:返回下一个结果集

    rowCount:返回SQL语句执行后影响的行数

    setAttribute:设置一个PDOStatement属性

    setFetchMode:为PDOStatement设定获取数据

 

给一个事务处理的简单例子:

复制代码 代码如下:


    /*
        事务处理
        MYSQL 表引擎  MyISAM  InnoDB
        添加字段 alter table user add money int not null default 0;
        查看表引擎 show create table user
        修改表引擎 alter table user engine=InnoDB
    */
 
     
    try{
        //实例化PDO
        $pdo=new PDO("mysql:host=localhost;dbname=photo","root","123456"。array('3'=>'2'));
    }catch(PDOException $e){
        echo $e->getMessage();
    }
    //设置字符集
    $sql="set name utf8";
    $pdo->exec($sql);
    //开启事务处理
    $pdo->beginTransaction();
    $num=250;
    $sql="update user set money=money-{$num} where id =1";
    $rows=$pdo->exec($sql);
     
    $sql="update user set monet=money-{$num} where id=2";
    $rows+=$pdo->exec($sql);
    //结束事务处理
    if($rows==2){
        $pdo->commit();
    }else{
        $pdo->rollBack();
    }
?>

(事务的主要特性:原子性、一致性、独立性和持久性)

4、PDO最大的特点是引入了参数绑定和预编译

  预编译负责两件事,转移和软解析提速。程序要支持预编译,除了数据库支持外,还需要驱动支持(PDO和NySQLi支持)

5、PDO的效率问题

  (1)在一个大表大数据量中进行测试,PDO的CRUD效率比MySql直连低5%~15%,并且方差大于MySQL直连

  (2)至于负载方面,PDO开启长连接后负载高于MySQL且比较稳定。

其实在实际应用中,90%的程序是不会进行数据库迁移的,有数据库迁移的应用程序少之又少。

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