php堆排序实现原理与应用方法
php堆排序实现原理与应用方法
这篇文章主要介绍了php堆排序实现原理与应用方法,较为详细的分析了堆排序的原理及使用技巧,具有一定参考借鉴价值,需要的朋友可以参考下
本文实例讲述了php堆排序实现原理与应用方法。分享给大家供大家参考。具体分析如下:
这里以php作为描述语言较详细讲解堆排序原理,因保证程序可读性,故不做优化,php程序中关于堆的一些概念如下:
假设n为当前数组的key则,n的父节点为 n>>1 或者 n/2(整除);n的左子节点l= n
$arr=array(1,8,7,2,3,4,6,5,9);
数组$arr的原形态结构如下:
1
/
8 7
/ /
2 3 4 6
/
5 9
heapsort($arr);print_r($arr);
排序后生成标准的小顶堆结构如下:
1
/
2 3
/ /
4 5 6 7
/
8 9
既数组:array(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9):
代码如下:
function heapsort(&$arr)
{
//求最后一个元素位
$last=count($arr);
//堆排序中通常忽略$arr[0]
array_unshift($arr,0);
//最后一个非叶子节点
$i=$last>>1;
//整理成大顶堆,最大的数整到堆顶,并将最大数和堆尾交换,并在之后的计算中忽略数组后端的最大数(last),直到堆顶(last=堆顶)
while(true)
{
adjustnode($i,$last,$arr);
if($i>1)
{
//移动节点指针,遍历所有非叶子节点
$i--;
}
else
{
//临界点last=1,既所有排序完成
if($last==1)break;
//当i为1时表示每一次的堆整理都将得到最大数(堆顶,$arr[1]),重复在根节点调整堆
swap($arr[$last],$arr[1]);
//在数组尾部按大小顺序保留最大数,定义临界点last,以免整理堆时重新打乱数组后面已排序好的元素
$last--;
}
}
//弹出第一个数组元素
array_shift($arr);
}
//整理当前树节点($n),临界点$last之后为已排序好的元素
function adjustnode($n,$last,&$arr)
{
$l=$n
if(!isset($arr[$l])||$l>$last) return ;
$r=$l+1; //$n的右孩子位
//如果右孩子比左孩子大,则让父节点的右孩子比
if($r$arr[$l]) $l=$r;
//如果其中子节点$l比父节点$n大,则与父节点$n交换
if($arr[$l]>$arr[$n])
{
//子节点($l)的值与父节点($n)的值交换
swap($arr[$l],$arr[$n]);
//交换后父节点($n)的值($arr[$n])可能还小于原子节点($l)的子节点的值,所以还需对原子节点($l)的子节点进行调整,用递归实现
adjustnode($l,$last,$arr);
}
}
//交换两个值
function swap(&$a,&$b)
{
$a=$a ^ $b;
$b=$a ^ $b;
$a=$a ^ $b;
}
希望本文所述对大家的php程序设计有所帮助。

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