零基础写python爬虫之抓取百度贴吧并存储到本地txt文件改进版
百度贴吧的爬虫制作和糗百的爬虫制作原理基本相同,都是通过查看源码扣出关键数据,然后将其存储到本地txt文件。
项目内容:
用Python写的百度贴吧的网络爬虫。
使用方法:
新建一个BugBaidu.py文件,然后将代码复制到里面后,双击运行。
程序功能:
将贴吧中楼主发布的内容打包txt存储到本地。
原理解释:
首先,先浏览一下某一条贴吧,点击只看楼主并点击第二页之后url发生了一点变化,变成了:
http://tieba.baidu.com/p/2296712428?see_lz=1&pn=1
可以看出来,see_lz=1是只看楼主,pn=1是对应的页码,记住这一点为以后的编写做准备。
这就是我们需要利用的url。
接下来就是查看页面源码。
首先把题目抠出来存储文件的时候会用到。
可以看到百度使用gbk编码,标题使用h1标记:
【原创】时尚首席(关于时尚,名利,事业,爱情,励志)
同样,正文部分用div和class综合标记,接下来要做的只是用正则表达式来匹配即可。
运行截图:
生成的txt文件:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#---------------------------------------
# 程序:百度贴吧爬虫
# 版本:0.5
# 作者:why
# 日期:2013-05-16
# 语言:Python 2.7
# 操作:输入网址后自动只看楼主并保存到本地文件
# 功能:将楼主发布的内容打包txt存储到本地。
#---------------------------------------
import string
import urllib2
import re
#----------- 处理页面上的各种标签 -----------
class HTML_Tool:
# 用非 贪婪模式 匹配 \t 或者 \n 或者 空格 或者 超链接 或者 图片
BgnCharToNoneRex = re.compile("(\t|\n| |
# 用非 贪婪模式 匹配 任意标签
EndCharToNoneRex = re.compile("<.>")
# 用非 贪婪模式 匹配 任意
标签
BgnPartRex = re.compile("
CharToNewLineRex = re.compile("(
||
CharToNextTabRex = re.compile("
# 将一些html的符号实体转变为原始符号
replaceTab = [("",">"),("&","&"),("&","\""),(" "," ")]
def Replace_Char(self,x):
x = self.BgnCharToNoneRex.sub("",x)
x = self.BgnPartRex.sub("\n ",x)
x = self.CharToNewLineRex.sub("\n",x)
x = self.CharToNextTabRex.sub("\t",x)
x = self.EndCharToNoneRex.sub("",x)
for t in self.replaceTab:
x = x.replace(t[0],t[1])
return x
class Baidu_Spider:
# 申明相关的属性
def __init__(self,url):
self.myUrl = url + '?see_lz=1'
self.datas = []
self.myTool = HTML_Tool()
print u'已经启动百度贴吧爬虫,咔嚓咔嚓'
# 初始化加载页面并将其转码储存
def baidu_tieba(self):
# 读取页面的原始信息并将其从gbk转码
myPage = urllib2.urlopen(self.myUrl).read().decode("gbk")
# 计算楼主发布内容一共有多少页
endPage = self.page_counter(myPage)
# 获取该帖的标题
title = self.find_title(myPage)
print u'文章名称:' + title
# 获取最终的数据
self.save_data(self.myUrl,title,endPage)
#用来计算一共有多少页
def page_counter(self,myPage):
# 匹配 "共有12页" 来获取一共有多少页
myMatch = re.search(r'class="red">(\d+?)', myPage, re.S)
if myMatch:
endPage = int(myMatch.group(1))
print u'爬虫报告:发现楼主共有%d页的原创内容' % endPage
else:
endPage = 0
print u'爬虫报告:无法计算楼主发布内容有多少页!'
return endPage
# 用来寻找该帖的标题
def find_title(self,myPage):
# 匹配
xxxxxxxxxx
找出标题myMatch = re.search(r'
title = u'暂无标题'
if myMatch:
title = myMatch.group(1)
else:
print u'爬虫报告:无法加载文章标题!'
# 文件名不能包含以下字符: \ / : * ? " |
title = title.replace('\\','').replace('/','').replace(':','').replace('*','').replace('?','').replace('"','').replace('>','').replace(' return title
# 用来存储楼主发布的内容
def save_data(self,url,title,endPage):
# 加载页面数据到数组中
self.get_data(url,endPage)
# 打开本地文件
f = open(title+'.txt','w+')
f.writelines(self.datas)
f.close()
print u'爬虫报告:文件已下载到本地并打包成txt文件'
print u'请按任意键退出...'
raw_input();
# 获取页面源码并将其存储到数组中
def get_data(self,url,endPage):
url = url + '&pn='
for i in range(1,endPage+1):
print u'爬虫报告:爬虫%d号正在加载中...' % i
myPage = urllib2.urlopen(url + str(i)).read()
# 将myPage中的html代码处理并存储到datas里面
self.deal_data(myPage.decode('gbk'))
# 将内容从页面代码中抠出来
def deal_data(self,myPage):
myItems = re.findall('id="post_content.*?>(.*?)',myPage,re.S)
for item in myItems:
data = self.myTool.Replace_Char(item.replace("\n","").encode('gbk'))
self.datas.append(data+'\n')
#-------- 程序入口处 ------------------
print u"""#---------------------------------------
# 程序:百度贴吧爬虫
# 版本:0.5
# 作者:why
# 日期:2013-05-16
# 语言:Python 2.7
# 操作:输入网址后自动只看楼主并保存到本地文件
# 功能:将楼主发布的内容打包txt存储到本地。
#---------------------------------------
"""
# 以某小说贴吧为例子
# bdurl = 'http://tieba.baidu.com/p/2296712428?see_lz=1&pn=1'
print u'请输入贴吧的地址最后的数字串:'
bdurl = 'http://tieba.baidu.com/p/' + str(raw_input(u'http://tieba.baidu.com/p/'))
#调用
mySpider = Baidu_Spider(bdurl)
mySpider.baidu_tieba()
以上就是改进之后的抓取百度贴吧的全部代码了,非常的简单实用吧,希望能对大家有所帮助

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