Python内置函数之filter map reduce介绍
Python内置了一些非常有趣、有用的函数,如:filter、map、reduce,都是对一个集合进行处理,filter很容易理解用于过滤,map用于映射,reduce用于归并. 是Python列表方法的三架马车。
1. filter函数的功能相当于过滤器。调用一个布尔函数bool_func来迭代遍历每个seq中的元素;返回一个使bool_seq返回值为true的元素的序列。
>>> N=range(10) >>> print filter(lambda x:x>5,N) [6, 7, 8, 9]
2. map函数func作用于给定序列的每个元素,并用一个列表来提供返回值。
>>> N1=[1,2,3] >>> N2=[6,5,4] >>> map(lambda x,y:x+y,N1,N2) [7, 7, 7] >>> map(lambda x:x+3,N1) [4, 5, 6]
3. reduce函数,func为二元函数,将func作用于seq序列的元素,每次携带一对(先前的结果以及下一个序列的元素),连续的将现有的结果和下一个值作用在获得的随后的结果上,最后减少我们的序列为一个单一的返回值。
>>> N=range(1,101) >>> reduce(lambda x,y:x+y,N) 5050
例1:用map和reduce实现5的阶乘相加(5!+4!+3!+2!+1!)
>>>print reduce(lambda x,y:x*y,range(1,6)) >>>print reduce(lambda x,y:x*y,range(1,5)) >>>print reduce(lambda x,y:x*y,range(1,4)) >>>print reduce(lambda x,y:x*y,range(1,3)) >>>print reduce(lambda x,y:x*y,range(1,2)) '''
结果为
120 24 6 2 1 '''
#把上一步的结果变成一个阶乘列表
>>>print map(lambda a:reduce(lambda x,y:x*y,range(1,a+1)),range(1,6)) [1, 2, 6, 24, 120]
#最后把阶乘列表相加,第一题解决
>>>print reduce(lambda m,n:m+n,map(lambda a:reduce(lambda x,y:x*y,range(1,a+1)),range(1,6))) 153
例2:用filter将100~200以内的质数过滤出来
质数又称素数。指在一个大于1的自然数中,除了1和此整数自身外,不能被其他自然数整除的数
>>>filter(lambda N:len(filter(lambda M:N%M==0,range(2,int(N**0.5)+1)))==0,range(100,201))

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