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python使用chardet判断字符串编码的方法

Jun 10, 2016 pm 03:17 PM
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本文实例讲述了python使用chardet判断字符串编码的方法。分享给大家供大家参考。具体分析如下:

最近利用python抓取一些网上的数据,遇到了编码的问题。非常头痛,总结一下用到的解决方案。

linux中vim下查看文件编码的命令 set fileencoding
python中一个强力的编码检测包 chardet ,使用方法非常简单。linux下利用pip install chardet实现简单安装

import chardet
f = open('file','r')
fencoding=chardet.detect(f.read())
print fencoding
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fencoding输出格式 {'confidence': 0.96630842899499614, 'encoding': 'GB2312'} ,只能判断是否为某种编码的概率。比较准确的结果了。输入参数为str类型。

了解python中str的编码后可以利用decode和encode来实现编码的转换。

一般流程是str利用decode方法根据str的编码将其解码为unicode字符串类型,然后利用encode根据特定的编码将unicode字符串类型转换为特定的编码。python中str和unicode属于两种不同的类型,如下。

一般情况下window默认编码gbk,linux默认编码utf8
python编程中 系统编码,python编码,文件编码 的概念。

系统编码:默认写源码的编辑器的编码方式。它代表源码文件内的所有内容都是根据词方式编码成二进制码流。存入到磁盘中的。linux下通过locale命令查看。

python编码:指python内设置的解码方式。如果不设定的话,python默认的是ascii解码方式。如果python源代码文件中不出现中文的话,这个地方怎么设定应该不会问题。

设定方法:在源码文件开头(一定是第一行):#-*-coding:UTF-8-*-,源码文件的设置解码方式是UTF-8 或者

import sys
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('UTF-8')
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文件编码:文本的编码方式,linux下vim利用set fileencoding查看。

一般情况下输出乱码的原因就是 没有按照系统解码的方式进行编码。

比如print s, s类型为str,linux系统下系统默认编码为utf8编码,s在输出前就应该编码为utf8。如果s为gbk编码就应该这样输出。print s.decode('gbk').encode('utf8')才能输出中文。

window下面情况相同,window默认编码为gbk编码,所以s输出前必须编码为gbk。

python处理中一般处理unicode类型。这样输出前直接编码即可。

希望本文所述对大家的Python程序设计有所帮助。

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