简单介绍Python中的JSON使用
JSON进阶
Python的dict对象可以直接序列化为JSON的{}，不过，很多时候，我们更喜欢用class表示对象，比如定义Student类，然后序列化：
import json
class Student(object):
def __init__(self, name, age, score):
self.name = name
self.age = age
self.score = score
s = Student('Bob', 20, 88)
print(json.dumps(s))
运行代码，毫不留情地得到一个TypeError：
Traceback (most recent call last): ... TypeError: <__main__.Student object at 0x10aabef50> is not JSON serializable
错误的原因是Student对象不是一个可序列化为JSON的对象。
如果连class的实例对象都无法序列化为JSON，这肯定不合理！
别急，我们仔细看看dumps()方法的参数列表，可以发现，除了第一个必须的obj参数外，dumps()方法还提供了一大堆的可选参数：
https://docs.python.org/2/library/json.html#json.dumps
这些可选参数就是让我们来定制JSON序列化。前面的代码之所以无法把Student类实例序列化为JSON，是因为默认情况下，dumps()方法不知道如何将Student实例变为一个JSON的{}对象。
可选参数default就是把任意一个对象变成一个可序列为JSON的对象，我们只需要为Student专门写一个转换函数，再把函数传进去即可：
def student2dict(std):
return {
'name': std.name,
'age': std.age,
'score': std.score
}
print(json.dumps(s, default=student2dict))
这样，Student实例首先被student2dict()函数转换成dict，然后再被顺利序列化为JSON。
不过，下次如果遇到一个Teacher类的实例，照样无法序列化为JSON。我们可以偷个懒，把任意class的实例变为dict：
print(json.dumps(s, default=lambda obj: obj.__dict__))
因为通常class的实例都有一个__dict__属性，它就是一个dict，用来存储实例变量。也有少数例外，比如定义了__slots__的class。
同样的道理，如果我们要把JSON反序列化为一个Student对象实例，loads()方法首先转换出一个dict对象，然后，我们传入的object_hook函数负责把dict转换为Student实例：
def dict2student(d):
return Student(d['name'], d['age'], d['score'])
json_str = '{"age": 20, "score": 88, "name": "Bob"}'
print(json.loads(json_str, object_hook=dict2student))
运行结果如下：
<__main__.Student object at 0x10cd3c190>
打印出的是反序列化的Student实例对象。
小结
Python语言特定的序列化模块是pickle，但如果要把序列化搞得更通用、更符合Web标准，就可以使用json模块。
json模块的dumps()和loads()函数是定义得非常好的接口的典范。当我们使用时，只需要传入一个必须的参数。但是，当默认的序列化或反序列机制不满足我们的要求时，我们又可以传入更多的参数来定制序列化或反序列化的规则，既做到了接口简单易用，又做到了充分的扩展性和灵活性。
Hot AI Tools
Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos
AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.
Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free
Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover
Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!
Hot Article
Hot Tools
Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor
SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use
Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment
Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools
SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)
Hot Topics
PHP and Python: Different Paradigms Explained
Apr 18, 2025 am 12:26 AM
PHP is mainly procedural programming, but also supports object-oriented programming (OOP); Python supports a variety of paradigms, including OOP, functional and procedural programming. PHP is suitable for web development, and Python is suitable for a variety of applications such as data analysis and machine learning.
Choosing Between PHP and Python: A Guide
Apr 18, 2025 am 12:24 AM
PHP is suitable for web development and rapid prototyping, and Python is suitable for data science and machine learning. 1.PHP is used for dynamic web development, with simple syntax and suitable for rapid development. 2. Python has concise syntax, is suitable for multiple fields, and has a strong library ecosystem.
Python vs. JavaScript: The Learning Curve and Ease of Use
Apr 16, 2025 am 12:12 AM
Python is more suitable for beginners, with a smooth learning curve and concise syntax; JavaScript is suitable for front-end development, with a steep learning curve and flexible syntax. 1. Python syntax is intuitive and suitable for data science and back-end development. 2. JavaScript is flexible and widely used in front-end and server-side programming.
PHP and Python: A Deep Dive into Their History
Apr 18, 2025 am 12:25 AM
PHP originated in 1994 and was developed by RasmusLerdorf. It was originally used to track website visitors and gradually evolved into a server-side scripting language and was widely used in web development. Python was developed by Guidovan Rossum in the late 1980s and was first released in 1991. It emphasizes code readability and simplicity, and is suitable for scientific computing, data analysis and other fields.
Can vs code run in Windows 8
Apr 15, 2025 pm 07:24 PM
VS Code can run on Windows 8, but the experience may not be great. First make sure the system has been updated to the latest patch, then download the VS Code installation package that matches the system architecture and install it as prompted. After installation, be aware that some extensions may be incompatible with Windows 8 and need to look for alternative extensions or use newer Windows systems in a virtual machine. Install the necessary extensions to check whether they work properly. Although VS Code is feasible on Windows 8, it is recommended to upgrade to a newer Windows system for a better development experience and security.
Can visual studio code be used in python
Apr 15, 2025 pm 08:18 PM
VS Code can be used to write Python and provides many features that make it an ideal tool for developing Python applications. It allows users to: install Python extensions to get functions such as code completion, syntax highlighting, and debugging. Use the debugger to track code step by step, find and fix errors. Integrate Git for version control. Use code formatting tools to maintain code consistency. Use the Linting tool to spot potential problems ahead of time.
How to run python with notepad
Apr 16, 2025 pm 07:33 PM
Running Python code in Notepad requires the Python executable and NppExec plug-in to be installed. After installing Python and adding PATH to it, configure the command "python" and the parameter "{CURRENT_DIRECTORY}{FILE_NAME}" in the NppExec plug-in to run Python code in Notepad through the shortcut key "F6".
Is the vscode extension malicious?
Apr 15, 2025 pm 07:57 PM
VS Code extensions pose malicious risks, such as hiding malicious code, exploiting vulnerabilities, and masturbating as legitimate extensions. Methods to identify malicious extensions include: checking publishers, reading comments, checking code, and installing with caution. Security measures also include: security awareness, good habits, regular updates and antivirus software.
