Python的Django框架中settings文件的部署建议
django在一个项目的目录结构划分方面缺乏必要的规范，因此不同人的项目组织形式也千奇百怪，而且也很难说谁的做法就比较好。我根据自己的项目组织习惯，发布了一个项目dj-scaffold。
前些天在reddit上为我的项目dj-scaffold打了个“广告”（见：http://redd.it/kw5d4）。不想评价甚糟，甚至差点被打成负分。其中更也人将这个项目说的一文不值。面对负面声音虽然会有些不爽，但其中的建设性意见还是需要听取的，至于那些纯属个人偏好部分就自动过滤了。
在谈及settings文件如何组织时，coderanger建议参考The Best (and Worst) of Django中的做法。文中的主要观点是开发环境和生产环境的配置都需要放到VCS中进行版本控制。参考文中的做法，我对settings模块做了部分调整。注：代码 https://github.com/vicalloy/dj-scaffold/tree/master/dj_scaffold/conf/prj/sites/settings
local_settings的弊病
为将项目的默认配置和本地配置区分开，最常用的做法是增加一个local_settings.py文件，并在settings文件的最后对该文件进行import。
try: from local_settings import * except: pass
由此引发的问题是你不能对local_settings.py进行版本控制，部署环境的配置万一丢失将难以找回。
解决方案
针对该问题，建议的解决方案如下
合理的配置文件组织方式
| |-__init__.py
| |-base.py #默认配置信息
| |-dev.py #开发环境的配置
| |-local.sample #本地的扩展配置在dev和production的最后进行import
| |-pre.sample #设置当前使用的配置为生产环境还是开发环境
| `-production.py #生产环境的配置
使用方式
<strong>DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE</strong>
django的admin脚本提供了settings参数用于指定当前使用的配置文件
django-admin.py shell --settings=settings.dev
在wsgi脚本中则可直接设置需要使用的settings
deploy.wsgi os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = settings.production
简化参数
当然，如果每次使用django-admin.py的时候都要带上settings参数还是非常恼人，所以推荐的做法是在pre.py中配置自己所需要使用的配置文件。
SETTINGS = 'production' #dev
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