python中使用序列的方法
本文实例讲述了python中使用序列的方法。分享给大家供大家参考。具体如下:
列表、元组和字符串都是序列,但是序列是什么,它们为什么如此特别呢?序列的两个主要特点是索引操作符和切片操作符。索引操作符让我们可以从序列中抓取一个特定项目。切片操作符让我们能够获取序列的一个切片,即一部分序列。
#!/usr/bin/python # Filename: seq.py shoplist = ['apple', 'mango', 'carrot', 'banana'] # Indexing or 'Subscription' operation print 'Item 0 is', shoplist[0] print 'Item 1 is', shoplist[1] print 'Item 2 is', shoplist[2] print 'Item 3 is', shoplist[3] print 'Item -1 is', shoplist[-1] print 'Item -2 is', shoplist[-2] # Slicing on a list print 'Item 1 to 3 is', shoplist[1:3] print 'Item 2 to end is', shoplist[2:] print 'Item 1 to -1 is', shoplist[1:-1] print 'Item start to end is', shoplist[:] # Slicing on a string name = 'swaroop' print 'characters 1 to 3 is', name[1:3] print 'characters 2 to end is', name[2:] print 'characters 1 to -1 is', name[1:-1] print 'characters start to end is', name[:]
输出:
Item 0 is apple Item 1 is mango Item 2 is carrot Item 3 is banana Item -1 is banana Item -2 is carrot Item 1 to 3 is ['mango', 'carrot'] Item 2 to end is ['carrot', 'banana'] Item 1 to -1 is ['mango', 'carrot'] Item start to end is ['apple', 'mango', 'carrot', 'banana'] characters 1 to 3 is wa characters 2 to end is aroop characters 1 to -1 is waroo characters start to end is swaroop
它如何工作:
首先,我们来学习如何使用索引来取得序列中的单个项目。这也被称作是下标操作。每当你用方括号中的一个数来指定一个序列的时候,Python会为你抓取序列中对应位置的项目。记住,Python从0开始计数。因此,shoplist[0]抓取第一个项目,shoplist[3]抓取shoplist序列中的第四个元素。
索引同样可以是负数,在那样的情况下,位置是从序列尾开始计算的。因此,shoplist[-1]表示序列的最后一个元素而shoplist[-2]抓取序列的倒数第二个项目。
切片操作符是序列名后跟一个方括号,方括号中有一对可选的数字,并用冒号分割。注意这与你使用的索引操作符十分相似。记住数是可选的,而冒号是必须的。
切片操作符中的第一个数(冒号之前)表示切片开始的位置,第二个数(冒号之后)表示切片到哪里结束。如果不指定第一个数,Python就从序列首开始。如果没有指定第二个数,则Python会停止在序列尾。注意,返回的序列从开始位置 开始 ,刚好在 结束 位置之前结束。即开始位置是包含在序列切片中的,而结束位置被排斥在切片外。
这样,shoplist[1:3]返回从位置1开始,包括位置2,但是停止在位置3的一个序列切片,因此返回一个含有两个项目的切片。类似地,shoplist[:]返回整个序列的拷贝。
你可以用负数做切片。负数用在从序列尾开始计算的位置。例如,shoplist[:-1]会返回除了最后一个项目外包含所有项目的序列切片。
使用Python解释器交互地尝试不同切片指定组合,即在提示符下你能够马上看到结果。序列的神奇之处在于你可以用相同的方法访问元组、列表和字符串。
希望本文所述对大家的Python程序设计有所帮助。

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