python 网络爬虫初级实现代码
首先,我们来看一个Python抓取网页的库:urllib或urllib2。
那么urllib与urllib2有什么区别呢?
可以把urllib2当作urllib的扩增,比较明显的优势是urllib2.urlopen()可以接受Request对象作为参数,从而可以控制HTTP Request的header部。
做HTTP Request时应当尽量使用urllib2库,但是urllib.urlretrieve()函数以及urllib.quote等一系列quote和unquote功能没有被加入urllib2中,因此有时也需要urllib的辅助。
urllib.open()这里传入的参数要遵循一些协议,比如http,ftp,file等。例如:
urllib.open('http://www.baidu.com')
urllib.open('file:D\Python\Hello.py')
现在有一个例子,下载一个网站上所有gif格式的图片。那么Python代码如下:
import re import urllib def getHtml(url): page = urllib.urlopen(url) html = page.read() return html def getImg(html): reg = r'src="(.*?\.gif)"' imgre = re.compile(reg) imgList = re.findall(imgre,html) print imgList cnt = 1 for imgurl in imgList: urllib.urlretrieve(imgurl,'%s.jpg' %cnt) cnt += 1 if __name__ == '__main__': html = getHtml('http://www.baidu.com') getImg(html)
根据上面的方法,我们可以抓取一定的网页,然后提取我们所需要的数据。
实际上,我们利用urllib这个模块来做网络爬虫效率是极其低下的,下面我们来介绍Tornado Web Server。
Tornado web server是使用Python编写出来的一个极轻量级、高可伸缩性和非阻塞IO的Web服务器软件,著名的Friendfeed网站就是使用它搭建的。Tornado跟其他主流的Web服务器框架(主要是Python框架)不同是采用epoll非阻塞IO,响应快速,可处理数千并发连接,特别适用用于实时的Web服务。
用Tornado Web Server来抓取网页效率会比较高。
从Tornado的官网来看,还要安装backports.ssl_match_hostname,官网如下:
http://www.tornadoweb.org/en/stable/
import tornado.httpclient def Fetch(url): http_header = {'User-Agent' : 'Chrome'} http_request = tornado.httpclient.HTTPRequest(url=url,method='GET',headers=http_header,connect_timeout=200,request_timeout=600) print 'Hello' http_client = tornado.httpclient.HTTPClient() print 'Hello World' print 'Start downloading data...' http_response = http_client.fetch(http_request) print 'Finish downloading data...' print http_response.code all_fields = http_response.headers.get_all() for field in all_fields: print field print http_response.body if __name__ == '__main__': Fetch('http://www.baidu.com')
urllib2的常见方法:
(1)info() 获取网页的Header信息
(2)getcode() 获取网页的状态码
(3)geturl() 获取传入的网址
(4)read() 读取文件的内容

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics

PHP is mainly procedural programming, but also supports object-oriented programming (OOP); Python supports a variety of paradigms, including OOP, functional and procedural programming. PHP is suitable for web development, and Python is suitable for a variety of applications such as data analysis and machine learning.

PHP is suitable for web development and rapid prototyping, and Python is suitable for data science and machine learning. 1.PHP is used for dynamic web development, with simple syntax and suitable for rapid development. 2. Python has concise syntax, is suitable for multiple fields, and has a strong library ecosystem.

Python is more suitable for beginners, with a smooth learning curve and concise syntax; JavaScript is suitable for front-end development, with a steep learning curve and flexible syntax. 1. Python syntax is intuitive and suitable for data science and back-end development. 2. JavaScript is flexible and widely used in front-end and server-side programming.

PHP originated in 1994 and was developed by RasmusLerdorf. It was originally used to track website visitors and gradually evolved into a server-side scripting language and was widely used in web development. Python was developed by Guidovan Rossum in the late 1980s and was first released in 1991. It emphasizes code readability and simplicity, and is suitable for scientific computing, data analysis and other fields.

VS Code can run on Windows 8, but the experience may not be great. First make sure the system has been updated to the latest patch, then download the VS Code installation package that matches the system architecture and install it as prompted. After installation, be aware that some extensions may be incompatible with Windows 8 and need to look for alternative extensions or use newer Windows systems in a virtual machine. Install the necessary extensions to check whether they work properly. Although VS Code is feasible on Windows 8, it is recommended to upgrade to a newer Windows system for a better development experience and security.

VS Code can be used to write Python and provides many features that make it an ideal tool for developing Python applications. It allows users to: install Python extensions to get functions such as code completion, syntax highlighting, and debugging. Use the debugger to track code step by step, find and fix errors. Integrate Git for version control. Use code formatting tools to maintain code consistency. Use the Linting tool to spot potential problems ahead of time.

Running Python code in Notepad requires the Python executable and NppExec plug-in to be installed. After installing Python and adding PATH to it, configure the command "python" and the parameter "{CURRENT_DIRECTORY}{FILE_NAME}" in the NppExec plug-in to run Python code in Notepad through the shortcut key "F6".

To run Python code in Sublime Text, you need to install the Python plug-in first, then create a .py file and write the code, and finally press Ctrl B to run the code, and the output will be displayed in the console.
