Python使用Paramiko模块编写脚本进行远程服务器操作
简介:
paramiko是python(2.2或更高)的模块,遵循SSH2协议实现了安全(加密和认证)连接远程机器。
安装所需软件包:
http://ftp.dlitz.net/pub/dlitz/crypto/pycrypto/pycrypto-2.5.tar.gz
http://www.lag.net/paramiko/download/paramiko-1.7.7.1.tar.gz
tar zxvf pycrypto-2.5.tar.gz cd pycrypto-2.5 python setup.py build python setup.py install tar zxvf paramiko-1.7.7.1.tar.gz cd paramiko-1.7.7.1 python setup.py build python setup.py install
脚本简单编写:
管理单台服务器:
脚本一：查询172.16.22.23磁盘使用情况
#!/usr/bin/python
import paramiko
hostname="172.16.22.23"
port=22
username="root"
password="larryroot"
if __name__=="__main__":
s=paramiko.SSHClient()
s.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
s.connect(hostname,port,username,password)
stdin,stdout,sterr=s.exec_command("df -Th")
print stdout.read()
s.close()
脚本二：在远程服务器上执行相应命令
#!/usr/bin/python
#by larry
#2011/01/30
import sys
import paramiko
hostname=sys.argv[1]
command = " ".join(sys.argv[2:])
port=22
username="root"
password="larryroot"
if __name__=="__main__":
s=paramiko.SSHClient()
s.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
s.connect(hostname,port,username,password)
stdin,stdout,sterr=s.exec_command(command)
print stdout.read()
s.close()
使用方法：
python single1.py ip地址 命令 [root@localhost ~]# python single1.py 172.16.22.23 df -TH
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 ext3 13G 6.0G 5.7G 52% / /dev/sda1 ext3 104M 12M 87M 13% /boot tmpfs tmpfs 61M 0 61M 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda4 ext3 7.6G 465M 6.8G 7% /data /dev/sdb1 ext3 32G 5.9G 25G 20% /autocd [root@localhost ~]# python single1.py 172.16.22.23 free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 114 112 2 0 26 35 -/+ buffers/cache: 50 64 Swap: 1027 0 1027
脚本三:管理多台服务器：批量查询ip列表中对应服务器的磁盘使用情况
#!/usr/bin/python
#by larry
#2011/01/30
import paramiko
port=22
username="root"
file=open("ip.list")
for line in file:
hostname=str(line.split("\t")[1])
password=str(line.split("\t")[4]).strip()
print "##########################",hostname,"########################"
s=paramiko.SSHClient()
s.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
s.connect(hostname,port,username,password)
stdin,stdout,sterr=s.exec_command("df -Th")
print stdout.read()
s.close()
file.close()
用法：
[root@localhost ~]# python ssh.py
############################ 172.16.22.22 ######################## Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 ext3 12G 5.6G 5.3G 52% / /dev/sda1 ext3 99M 12M 83M 13% /boot tmpfs tmpfs 58M 0 58M 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda4 ext3 7.1G 443M 6.3G 7% /data /dev/sdb1 ext3 30G 5.5G 23G 20% /autocd ############################ 172.16.22.23 ######################## Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 ext3 15G 2.6G 11G 19% / /dev/sda1 ext3 99M 12M 82M 13% /boot tmpfs tmpfs 60M 0 60M 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda4 ext3 33G 377M 31G 2% /data
ip.list文件内容：
dx 172.16.22.22 22 root larryroot wt 172.16.22.23 22 root larryroot
脚本四:类似于脚本二,在所有远程服务器上执行相应命令
#!/usr/bin/python
#by larry
#2011/01/30
import paramiko
import sys
port=22
username="root"
command = " ".join(sys.argv[1:])
file=open("ip.list")
for line in file:
hostname=str(line.split("\t")[1])
password=str(line.split("\t")[4]).strip()
print "##################",hostname,"######################"
s=paramiko.SSHClient()
s.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
s.connect(hostname,port,username,password)
stdin,stdout,sterr=s.exec_command(command)
print stdout.read()
s.close()
file.close()
用法:
python ssh.py 命令
简单整理到这里通过python的paramiko模块可以很方便的管理服务器，文件的上传下载后续会整理出来。
SSH
下面是通过ssh的dsa或rsa公钥验证批量登录服务器执行命令：
#!/usr/bin/python
#2012/02/02 by larry
import paramiko
import sys,os
port=22
username="larry"
key_file="~/.ssh/authorized_keys"
know_host="/home/larry/.ssh/known_hosts"
command=" ".join(sys.argv[1:]) ####获取命令行参数
file=open("ip.list")
for line in file:
hostname=str(line.split(" ")[1]) ####截取ip字段
print "#####################################",hostname,"###############################################"
s=paramiko.SSHClient()
s.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
s.load_system_host_keys(know_host)
s.connect(hostname,port,username,key_file)
stdin,stdout,sterr=s.exec_command(command)
print stdout.read().strip()
s.close()
file.close()
执行python脚本:
python sshkey.py df -h
################172.16.22.22######################## Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00 14G 3.5G 9.7G 27% / /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-data 116G 47G 64G 43% /data /dev/cciss/c0d0p1 99M 13M 82M 14% /boot tmpfs 5.9G 0 5.9G 0% /dev/shm
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