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PHP开发多任务应用程序

Jun 08, 2016 pm 05:32 PM
php quot stream

<script>ec(2);</script>
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许多 PHP 开发人员认为,由于标准的 PHP 缺少线程功能,因此实际 PHP 应用程序不可能执行多任务处理。例如,如果应用程序需要其他 Web 站点的信息,那么在远程检索完成之前它都必须停止。这是错误的!通过本文了解如何使用 stream_select 和 stream_socket_client 实现进程内 PHP 多任务处理。

  PHP 不支持线程。尽管如此,与前述大多数 PHP 开发人员所相信的想法形成对比的是,PHP 应用程序可以 执行多任务处理。让我们开始尽可能清晰地描述一下 “多任务” 和 “线程” 对于 PHP 编程的意义。

  并发的种类

  首先抛开几个和主题无关的例子。PHP 与多任务或并发的关系十分复杂。在较高层次上,PHP 经常涉及多任务:以多任务方式使用 标准的服务器端 PHP 安装 —— 例如,作为 Apache 模块。换句话说,若干个客户机 —— Web 浏览器 —— 可以同时请求同一个 PHP 解释的页面,而 Web 服务器将差不多同时返回所有这些页面。

  一个 Web 页面不会妨碍其他 Web 页面的发送,尽管可能会由于诸如服务器内存或网络带宽之类的受限资源而使它们相互之间略有妨碍。这样,实现并发 的系统级需求可能适合使用基于 PHP 的解决方案。就实现而言,PHP 允许它的管理 Web 服务器负责实现并发。

  Ajax 名下的客户端并发近几年来也已成为开发人员关注的焦点。虽然 Ajax 的含义已经变得十分模糊,但是它的一个方面是浏览器显示可以同时执行计算和保留对诸如选择菜单项之类的用户操作的响应。这实际上就是某种 多任务。用 PHP 编码的 Ajax 就是这样 —— 但是不涉及任何特定的 PHP;用于其他语言的 Ajax 框架均以完全相同的方法操作。

  只粗略地涉及 PHP 的第三个并发实例是 PHP/TK。PHP/TK 是 PHP 的扩展,用于为核心 PHP 提供可移植图形用户界面(GUI)绑定。PHP/TK 允许用 PHP 编写代码构造桌面 GUI 应用程序。其基于事件的特性将模拟一种易于掌握并且比线程更少出错的并发形式。此外,并发是 “继承” 自一项辅助技术,而不是 PHP 的基本功能。

  向 PHP 本身添加线程支持的试验已经做过多次。据我所知,没有一次是成功的。但是,Ajax 框架和 PHP/TK 的面向事件的实现表明事件可能比线程能更好地体现 PHP 的并发。PHP V5 证明事实确实如此。

  PHP V5 将提供 stream_select()

  使用标准的 PHP V4 和更低版本,必须按顺序执行 PHP 应用程序的所有工作。例如,如果程序需要在两个商业站点检索商品的价格,则请求第一个站点的价格,等待至响应到达,再请求第二个站点的价格,然后再次等待。

  如果程序请求同时完成若干项任务会怎么样?总体来看,程序将在一段时间内完成,在这段时间内,将始终进行连续处理。

  第一个示例

  新的 stream_select 函数及它的几个助手使这成为可能。请考虑以下示例。

  清单 1. 同时请求多个 HTTP 页面
<?php
echo "Program starts at ". date(''h:i:s'') . ".n";

$timeout=10;
$result=array();
$sockets=array();
$convenient_read_block=8192;

/* Issue all requests simultaneously; there''s no blocking. */
$delay=15;
$id=0;
while ($delay > 0) {
 $s=stream_socket_client("phaseit.net:80", $errno,
  $errstr, $timeout,
  STREAM_CLIENT_ASYNC_CONNECT|STREAM_CLIENT_CONNECT);
 if ($s) {
  $sockets[$id++]=$s;
  $http_message="GET /demonstration/delay?delay=" .
   $delay . " HTTP/1.0rnHost: phaseit.netrnrn";
  fwrite($s, $http_message);
 }
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