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PHP之变量、常量学习笔记

Jun 08, 2016 pm 05:31 PM
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亲密接触PHP之变量、常量学习笔记(阅读笔记自PHP手册)

PHP 中一个美元符号($)后面跟上一个变量名称,即表示一个变量。变量的名称是对大小写敏感的。其中变量名允许数字或下划线打头

有关变量的传地址赋值

PHP 3 中,变量总是传值赋值。PHP 4 提供了另外一种方式给变量赋值:传地址赋值。使用传地址赋值,即简单地追加一个(&)符号到将要赋值的变量前(源变量)。这意味着新的变量简单的引用了原始变量,改动新的变量将影响到原始变量,反之亦然。


$foo = ''Bob'';
$bar = &$foo;
$bar = "My name is $bar";
echo $bar;
echo $foo;
?>


变量foo只在首行被赋值,正常应输出为“Bob”,然而传址赋值给变量bar,在变量bar值发生变化的同时,变量foo的值也发生了变化。

关于(超)全局变量

PHP全局变量的声明是在引用变量时声明的,而非在程序首行定义、赋值变量时来定义是全局还是局部变量。


$a = 1;
$b = 2;

function Sum()
{
global $a, $b;
$b = $a + $b;
}

Sum();
echo $b;
?>



如果函数Sum()内没有使用global声明全局变量,程序会报错未定义的变量。

当然,在PHP中还有一些变量在某程序功能范围内是不需要global声明,这些变量称为 超全局变量,而这些超全局变量基本都不是用户自定义的,而是PHP预定义的一些变量,比如 $_GET、$_POST、$_COOKIE等。

有关可变变量

PHP中比较有意思的可变变量,比如 $a="bruce" ,还可以使用 $$a 表示为 $bruce ,即可变变量是使用的两个美元符号。

但其中在 $$a[1] 中,是 $a[1] 作为一个变量,还是 $$a 作为一个变量并取出该变量中索引为 [1] 的值?这里没有前后的依次关系,而是使用 ${$a[1]} 或 ${$a}[1] 来表示上述两种情况。

=========================================================

关于常量

常量区别于变量,从常量被定义起其范围就是全局的

量默认为大小写敏感,按照惯例常量标识符总是大写的

常量前面没有美元符号($)

常量一旦定义就不能被重新定义或者取消定义

常量只能用 define() 函数定义,而不能通过赋值语句

比如 define("MYNAME","cnbruce") 就是定义了一个值为“cnbruce”的MYNAME常量


define("MYNAME","cnbruce");
$MYNAME="cnrose";
echo MYNAME;
echo $MYNAME;
?
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