


Example of code written in JavaScript to detect the browser used by the user_javascript skills
能力检测
在编写代码之前先检测特定浏览器的能力。例如,脚本在调用某个函数之前,可能要先检测该函数首付存在。这种检测方法将开发人员从考虑具体的浏览器类型和版本中解放出来,让他们把注意力集中到相应的能力是否存在上。能力检测无法精确地检测特定的浏览器和版本。
怪癖检测
怪癖实际上是浏览器实现中存在的bug,例如早期的webkit中就存在一个怪癖,即它会再for-in循环中返回被隐藏的属性。怪癖检测通常涉及到运行一段代码,然后确定浏览器是否存在某个怪癖。由于怪癖检测无法精确地检测特定的浏览器和版本。
用户代理检测
通过检测用户代理字符串来识别浏览器。用户代理字符串中包含大量与浏览器有关的信息,包括浏览器、平台、操作系统及浏览器版本。用户代理字符串有过一段相当长的发展历史,在此期间,浏览器提供商视图通过在用户代理字符串总添加一些欺骗性信息,欺骗网站详细自己的浏览器是另外一种浏览器。用户代理检测需要特殊的技巧,特别是要注意Opera会隐瞒其用户代理字符串的情况。即便如此,通过用户代理字符串仍然能够检测出浏览器所用的呈现引擎以及所在的平台,包括移动设备和游戏系统。
在每一次HTTP请求过程中,用户代理字符串是作为响应首部发送的,而且该字符串可以通过Javascript的navigator.userAgent属性访问。在服务器端,通过检测用户代理字符串来确定用户使用的浏览器是一种常用而且广为接受的做法。而在客户端,用户代理检测一般被当作一种万不得已的做法,其优先级排在能力检测和怪癖检测之后。
var client = function(){ // 呈现引擎 var engine = { ie:0, gecko:0, webkit:0, khtml:0, opera:0, // 完整的版本号 ver:null }; // 浏览器 var browser = { // 主要浏览器 ie:0, firefox:0, safari:0, konq:0, opera:0, chrome:0, // 具体的版本号 ver:null }; // 检测呈现引擎和浏览器 var ua = navigator.userAgent; if (window.opera) { engine.ver = browser.ver = window.opera.version(); engine.opera = browser.opera = parseFloat(engine.ver); } else if (/AppleWebKit\/(\S+)/.test(ua)) { engine.ver = RegExp["$1"]; engine.webkit = parseFloat(engine.ver); // 确定是Chrome还是Safari if (/Chrome\/(\S+)/.test(ua)) { browser.ver = RegExp["$1"]; browser.chrome = parseFloat(engine.ver); } else if (/Version\/(S+)/.test(ua)) { browser.ver = RegExp["$1"]; browser.safari = parseFloat(browser.ver); } else { // 近似地确定版本号 var safariVersion = 1; if (engine.Webkit <100) { safariVersion = 1; } else if (engine.webkit < 312) { safariVersion = 1.2; } else if (engine.webkit < 412) { safariVersion = 1.3; } else { safariVersion = 2; } browser.safari = browser.ver = safariVersion; } } else if (/KHTML\/(S+)/.test(ua) || /Konqueror\/([^;]+)/.test(ua)) { engine.ver = browser.ver = RegExp["$1"]; engine.khtml = browser.kong = parseFloat(engine.ver); } else if (/rv:([^\)]+)\) Gecko\/\d{8}/.test(ua)){ engine.ver = RegExp["$1"]; engine.gecko = parseFloat(engine.ver); // 确定是不是firefox if (/Firefox\/(S+)/.test(ua)) { browser.ver = RegExp["$1"]; browser.firefox = parseFloat(browser.ver); } } else if (/MSIE ([^;]+)/.test(ua)) { engine.ver = browser.ver = RegExp["$1"]; engine.ie = browser.ie = parseFloat(engine.ver); } // 检测浏览器 browser.ie = engine.ie; browser.opera = engine.opera; // 返回这些对象 return { engine:engine, browser: browser } }(); console.log(client.engine); console.log(client.browser);
Tangram 检测浏览器源码
/** * 声明baidu包 */ var baidu = baidu || {version: "1-3-2"}; // meizz 20100513 将 guid 升级成 \x06 baidu.guid = "$BAIDU$";//提出guid,防止修改window[undefined] 20100504 berg /** * meizz 2010/02/04 * 顶级域名 baidu 有可能被闭包劫持,而需要页面级唯一信息时需要用到下面这个对象 */ window[baidu.guid] = window[baidu.guid] || {}; /** * 声明baidu.browser包 */ baidu.browser = baidu.browser || {}; /** * 判断是否为isGecko */ baidu.browser.isGecko = /gecko/i.test(navigator.userAgent) && !/like gecko/i.test(navigator.userAgent); /** * 判断是否为isWebkit */ baidu.browser.isWebkit = /webkit/i.test(navigator.userAgent); /** * 判断是否为标准模式 */ baidu.browser.isStrict = document.compatMode == "CSS1Compat"; /** * 判断是否为safari浏览器 */ if ((/(\d+\.\d)(\.\d)?\s+safari/i.test(navigator.userAgent) && !/chrome/i.test(navigator.userAgent))) { baidu.browser.safari = parseFloat(RegExp['\x241']); } /** * 判断是否为opera浏览器 */ if (/opera\/(\d+\.\d)/i.test(navigator.userAgent)) { baidu.browser.opera = parseFloat(RegExp['\x241']); } /** * 判断是否为chrome浏览器 */ if (/chrome\/(\d+\.\d)/i.test(navigator.userAgent)) { baidu.browser.chrome = parseFloat(RegExp['\x241']); } /** * 判断是否为ie浏览器 */ if (/msie (\d+\.\d)/i.test(navigator.userAgent)) { baidu.ie = baidu.browser.ie = document.documentMode || parseFloat(RegExp['\x241']); } /** * 判断是否为firefox浏览器 */ if (/firefox\/(\d+\.\d)/i.test(navigator.userAgent)) { baidu.browser.firefox = parseFloat(RegExp['\x241']); // '\x241' 是八进制表示法 '\x24' 对应字符 '$' ,所以 '\x241' 等同于 '$1' }

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