PL/SQL 类型格式转换
PL/SQL 类型格式转换
TO_NUMBER(char[,'format_model']) 字符转换到数字类型TO_DATE(char[,'format_model']) 字符转换到日期类型
格式说明符:要与前边要转换的字符串的格式要相同才能转换(匹配问题:格式和位数)。
TO_CHAR(date[,'format_model'[,nlsparams]])
第二个参数可以省略,不指定格式,按系统默认格式输出。
区分大小写。
使用FM(在格式控制符前添加)符号可以去掉空格或是首位的零。
如果指定了NLSPARAMS,则它控制返回字符串的月和日分量所使用的语言。格式为:
'NLS_DATA_LANGUAGE=language',language指需要的语言。
例:
select to_char(sysdate,'FMyyyy-mm-dd') from dual;
格式控制符的类型:
YYYY 四位的年
YEAR 年的拼写
MM 2位数字的月
MONTH 月的全名
MON 月名的前三个字符
DY 星期名的前三个字符
DAY 星期名的全称
DD 2位的天
时间格式控制符:
HH24:MI:SS AM
HH12:MI:SS PM
通过“”来实现加入特殊字符的格式控制符。
SELECT TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'FMyyyy"年"mm"月"dd"日"') from dual;
DDSPTH
~~
DD是格式控制符。
TH是序数词,将日期转换成英文的序数词拼写。
SP是基数词,将日期转换成英文的基数词拼写。
TO_CHAR(NUM[,'format_model'[,nlsparams]])转换数字
将NUMBER类型参数NUM转换成VARCHAR2类型。如果指定FORMAT,它会控制整个转换。
如果没有指定FORMAT,那么结果字符串中将包含和NUM中有效位的个数相同的字符。NLSPARAMS用来指定小数点和千分符及货币符号。它的格式可为:'NLS_NUMERIC_CHARS=' ' dg ' 'NLS_CURRENCY= ' 'string' ' '
d和g分别代表小数点和千分符。STRING代表货币符号。
数字格式控制符:
9 代表一位数字(替换符。有,数字显示;没有。不什么都显示。)
0 代表一位数字(有数字,显示;没有,强制显示0。)
$ 美圆符号
L 本地货币
. 小数点
, 千分符
B 当整数部分为0时,将整数部分填充为空格。 例:B999
MI 返回带有后继符号而不是前导负号的负数值,正数值将带有后继的空格。999MI
S 返回一个前导符号或后继符号,正数为+,负数为-。 S9999 或 9999S
PR 使用尖括号返回负数。正数将有前导或后继空格。999PR
D 在指定位置返回一个小数点。两侧的9的个数指定了最大的位数。99D9
G 在指定位置返回千分符,G可以在FORMAT_model中出现多次。9G999G9
C 在指定位置返回ISO货币符号。C可以在FORMAT_model中出现多次。C99
L 在指定位置上返回本地货币符号。 L99
V 返回一个被乘以10的N次方的数值,这里N是V后边9的个数。99V99
EEEE 使用科学记数法返回该数值。9.99EEEE
RM 使用大写的罗马数字表示返回该数值。 RM
rm 使用小写的罗马数字表示返回该数值。 rm
FM 返回不含前导和后继空格的数值。 FM99.09
格式控制符位数一定要大于或等于NUMBER的位数,不能小于。

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