Home Database Mysql Tutorial MySQL主机127.0.0.1与localhost区别总结

MySQL主机127.0.0.1与localhost区别总结

Jun 07, 2016 pm 05:53 PM

可能有很多朋友都会碰到一个问题不知道127.0.0.1与localhost有什么区别,但是有的时间会发现使用localhost连接不了,但是改成127.0.0.1即可了连接了,那么他们会有什么区别呢,下面我给大家介绍。

1. mysql -h 127.0.0.1 的时候,使用TCP/IP连接, mysql server 认为该连接来自于127.0.0.1或者是"localhost.localdomain"

2. mysql -h localhost 的时候,是不使用TCP/IP连接的,而使用Unix socket;此时,mysql server则认为该client是来自"localhost"

3. mysql权限管理中的"localhost"有特定含义:

注意:虽然两者连接方式有区别,但当localhost 为默认的127.0.0.1时,两种连接方式使用的权限记录都是以下的1.row的记录(因为记录在前,先被匹配)

 代码如下 复制代码
*************************** 1. row ***************************
                 Host: localhost
                 User: root
......
*************************** 2. row ***************************
                 Host: 127.0.0.1
                 User: root

证明:

 代码如下 复制代码

shell> mysql -h 127.0.0.1
mysql> status;
Current user:           root@localhost
SSL:                    Not in use
Current pager:          stdout
Using outfile:          ''
Using delimiter:        ;
Server version:         5.1.33-log Source distribution
Protocol version:       10
Connection:             127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP
shell> mysql -h locahostmysql> status;
Current user:           root@localhost
SSL:                    Not in use
Current pager:          stdout
Using outfile:          ''
Using delimiter:        ;
Server version:         5.1.33-log Source distribution
Protocol version:       10
Connection:             Localhost via UNIX socket

发现问题
昨天在帮同事编译安装Linux环境时,遇到一个问题:

WEB服务器是apache,数据库是MySQL。

于是写了一个测试连接数据库的PHP页面:

 代码如下 复制代码

$mysql = mysql_connect('localhost','root','');

打开 http://localhost/test.php 测试

提示:Can’t connect to local MySQL server through socket...

检查环境正常
以为是数据库没有启动,于是查看一下进程,MySQL在进程里,重启了一下MySQL.

使用mysql -u root -p 可以进入MySQL操作界面

直接使用/usr/local/php5/bin/php /web/test.php执行可以连上数据库

apache也重启了,一样无效

疑点:为何网页执行失败,命令执行却成功
这下就郁闷了,使用php命令直接执行就成功,通过网页执行就失败。难道是apache导致?网上搜索了大堆资料也没找到解决方案,重新编译安装apache问题依旧。

把localhost改成127.0.0.1成功
把localhost改成127.0.0.1后竟然连接成功了,开始陷入思考困局:localhost失败127.0.0.1却成功?

ping localhost 地址是127.0.0.1没错

打开hosts加入

 代码如下 复制代码

127.0.0.1 qttc

使用qttc当主机连接也正常,唯独就不认localhost。

localhost连接方式不同导致
为了了解PHP连接数据库时,主机填写localhost与其它的区别阅读了大量资料,最后得知:

当主机填写为localhost时mysql会采用 unix domain socket连接

当主机填写为127.0.0.1时mysql会采用tcp方式连接

这是linux套接字网络的特性,win平台不会有这个问题

解决方法
在my.cnf的[mysql]区段里添加

 代码如下 复制代码

protocol=tcp

保存重启MySQL,问题解决!

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