Home Database Mysql Tutorial 【MySQL数据库开发之四】MySQL 处理模式/常用查询/模式匹配等

【MySQL数据库开发之四】MySQL 处理模式/常用查询/模式匹配等

Jun 07, 2016 pm 05:40 PM
database mysql table database

本站文章均为李华明Himi原创,转载务必在明显处注明:转载自【黑米GameDev街区】原文链接:http://www.himigame.com/mysql/781.html 点击订阅本博..

转载自【黑米GameDev街区】 原文链接: 

          ☞ 点击订阅 ☜ 本博客最新动态!及时将最新博文通知您!

 

继续上一篇继续讲解MySQL的相关知识点;

     1. NULL 值操作:

NULL值可能令人感到奇怪直到你习惯它。概念上,NULL意味着“没有值”或“未知值”,且它被看作与众不同的值。为了测试NULL,你不能使用算术比较 操作符例如=、

 

很显然你不能通过这些比较得到有意义的结果。相反使用IS NULL和IS NOT NULL操作符:

 

注意:可以在定义为NOT NULL的列内插入0或空字符串,服务器空间,实际是NOT NULL。

  2.  模式匹配:

MySQL提供标准的SQL模式匹配,以及一种基于象Unix实用程序如vi、grep和sed的扩展正则表达式模式匹配的格式。 SQL模式匹配允许你使用“_”匹配任何单个字符,而“%”匹配任意数目字符(包括零字符)。注意使用SQL模式时,不能使用=或!=;而应使用LIKE或NOT LIKE比较操作符;

找出所有以y开头的名字;        

 

找出所有以i结尾的名字; 

 

找出所有以包含h的名字;

 

要想找出正好包含3个字符的名字,使用3个“_”模式字符:

 

 

由MySQL提供的模式匹配的其它类型是使用扩展正则表达式。当你对这类模式进行匹配测试时,使用REGEXP和NOT REGEXP操作符(或RLIKE和NOT RLIKE,它们是同义词)。

     3.  正则表达式的使用;

扩展正则表达式的一些字符是:

·         ‘.’匹配任何单个的字符。

·         字符类“[...]”   匹配在方括号内的任何字符。例如,“[abc]” 匹配 “a”、“b”或“c”。为了命名字符的范围,使用一个“-”。“[a-z]”匹配任何字母,而“[0-9]”匹配任何数字。

·“ * ”匹配零个或多个在它前面的字符。例如,“x*”匹配任何数量的“x”字符,“[0-9]*”匹配任何数量的数字,而“.*”匹配任何数量的任何字符。

  • 如果REGEXP模式与被测试值的任何地方匹配,香港虚拟主机,模式就匹配(这不同于LIKE模式匹配,只有与整个值匹配,模式才匹配)。
  • 为了定位一个模式以便它必须匹配被测试值的开始或结尾,在模式开始处使用“^”或在模式的结尾用“$”。
  • 为了说明扩展正则表达式如何工作,下面使用REGEXP重写上面所示的LIKE查询:

    为了找出以“b”开头的名字,使用“^”匹配名字的开始:

    mysql> SELECT * FROM pet WHERE name REGEXP '^b'; +--------+--------+---------+------+------------+------------+ | name   | owner  | species | sex  | birth      | death      | +--------+--------+---------+------+------------+------------+ | Buffy  | Harold | dog     | f    | 1989-05-13 | NULL       | | Bowser | Diane  | dog     | m    | 1989-08-31 | 1995-07-29 | +--------+--------+---------+------+------------+------------+

    如果你想强制使REGEXP比较区分大小写,使用BINARY关键字使其中一个字符串变为二进制字符串。该查询只匹配名称首字母的小写‘b’。

    mysql> SELECT * FROM pet WHERE name REGEXP BINARY '^b';

    为了找出以“fy”结尾的名字,使用“$”匹配名字的结尾:

    mysql> SELECT * FROM pet WHERE name REGEXP 'fy$'; +--------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+ | name   | owner  | species | sex  | birth      | death | +--------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+ | Fluffy | Harold | cat     | f    | 1993-02-04 | NULL  | | Buffy  | Harold | dog     | f    | 1989-05-13 | NULL  | +--------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+

    为了找出包含一个“w”的名字,使用以下查询:

    mysql> SELECT * FROM pet WHERE name REGEXP 'w'; +----------+-------+---------+------+------------+------------+ | name     | owner | species | sex  | birth      | death      | +----------+-------+---------+------+------------+------------+ | Claws    | Gwen  | cat     | m    | 1994-03-17 | NULL       | | Bowser   | Diane | dog     | m    | 1989-08-31 | 1995-07-29 | | Whistler | Gwen  | bird    | NULL | 1997-12-09 | NULL       | +----------+-------+---------+------+------------+------------+

    既然如果一个正则表达式出现在值的任何地方,其模式匹配了,就不必在先前的查询中在模式的两侧放置一个通配符以使得它匹配整个值,美国空间,就像你使用了一个SQL模式那样。

    Statement of this Website
    The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn

    Hot AI Tools

    Undresser.AI Undress

    Undresser.AI Undress

    AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

    AI Clothes Remover

    AI Clothes Remover

    Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

    Undress AI Tool

    Undress AI Tool

    Undress images for free

    Clothoff.io

    Clothoff.io

    AI clothes remover

    Video Face Swap

    Video Face Swap

    Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

    Hot Tools

    Notepad++7.3.1

    Notepad++7.3.1

    Easy-to-use and free code editor

    SublimeText3 Chinese version

    SublimeText3 Chinese version

    Chinese version, very easy to use

    Zend Studio 13.0.1

    Zend Studio 13.0.1

    Powerful PHP integrated development environment

    Dreamweaver CS6

    Dreamweaver CS6

    Visual web development tools

    SublimeText3 Mac version

    SublimeText3 Mac version

    God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

    MySQL: An Introduction to the World's Most Popular Database MySQL: An Introduction to the World's Most Popular Database Apr 12, 2025 am 12:18 AM

    MySQL is an open source relational database management system, mainly used to store and retrieve data quickly and reliably. Its working principle includes client requests, query resolution, execution of queries and return results. Examples of usage include creating tables, inserting and querying data, and advanced features such as JOIN operations. Common errors involve SQL syntax, data types, and permissions, and optimization suggestions include the use of indexes, optimized queries, and partitioning of tables.

    MySQL's Place: Databases and Programming MySQL's Place: Databases and Programming Apr 13, 2025 am 12:18 AM

    MySQL's position in databases and programming is very important. It is an open source relational database management system that is widely used in various application scenarios. 1) MySQL provides efficient data storage, organization and retrieval functions, supporting Web, mobile and enterprise-level systems. 2) It uses a client-server architecture, supports multiple storage engines and index optimization. 3) Basic usages include creating tables and inserting data, and advanced usages involve multi-table JOINs and complex queries. 4) Frequently asked questions such as SQL syntax errors and performance issues can be debugged through the EXPLAIN command and slow query log. 5) Performance optimization methods include rational use of indexes, optimized query and use of caches. Best practices include using transactions and PreparedStatemen

    Why Use MySQL? Benefits and Advantages Why Use MySQL? Benefits and Advantages Apr 12, 2025 am 12:17 AM

    MySQL is chosen for its performance, reliability, ease of use, and community support. 1.MySQL provides efficient data storage and retrieval functions, supporting multiple data types and advanced query operations. 2. Adopt client-server architecture and multiple storage engines to support transaction and query optimization. 3. Easy to use, supports a variety of operating systems and programming languages. 4. Have strong community support and provide rich resources and solutions.

    How to connect to the database of apache How to connect to the database of apache Apr 13, 2025 pm 01:03 PM

    Apache connects to a database requires the following steps: Install the database driver. Configure the web.xml file to create a connection pool. Create a JDBC data source and specify the connection settings. Use the JDBC API to access the database from Java code, including getting connections, creating statements, binding parameters, executing queries or updates, and processing results.

    How to start mysql by docker How to start mysql by docker Apr 15, 2025 pm 12:09 PM

    The process of starting MySQL in Docker consists of the following steps: Pull the MySQL image to create and start the container, set the root user password, and map the port verification connection Create the database and the user grants all permissions to the database

    MySQL's Role: Databases in Web Applications MySQL's Role: Databases in Web Applications Apr 17, 2025 am 12:23 AM

    The main role of MySQL in web applications is to store and manage data. 1.MySQL efficiently processes user information, product catalogs, transaction records and other data. 2. Through SQL query, developers can extract information from the database to generate dynamic content. 3.MySQL works based on the client-server model to ensure acceptable query speed.

    How to install mysql in centos7 How to install mysql in centos7 Apr 14, 2025 pm 08:30 PM

    The key to installing MySQL elegantly is to add the official MySQL repository. The specific steps are as follows: Download the MySQL official GPG key to prevent phishing attacks. Add MySQL repository file: rpm -Uvh https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm Update yum repository cache: yum update installation MySQL: yum install mysql-server startup MySQL service: systemctl start mysqld set up booting

    Laravel Introduction Example Laravel Introduction Example Apr 18, 2025 pm 12:45 PM

    Laravel is a PHP framework for easy building of web applications. It provides a range of powerful features including: Installation: Install the Laravel CLI globally with Composer and create applications in the project directory. Routing: Define the relationship between the URL and the handler in routes/web.php. View: Create a view in resources/views to render the application's interface. Database Integration: Provides out-of-the-box integration with databases such as MySQL and uses migration to create and modify tables. Model and Controller: The model represents the database entity and the controller processes HTTP requests.

    See all articles