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Oracle触发器(trigger):view,schema,database

Jun 07, 2016 pm 05:30 PM

Oracle触发器(trigger):view,schema,database

视图trigger, instead of

我们知道如果一个view只是由一个table构成,那在view上做啥操作没太多限制.如果view是由多个table组成那在view上做啥unpdate,insert,delete都会出错.但有时又确实要做这些操作该咋办呢.这就需要用到trigger,然后通过instead of关键字来指定一些替代操作.

举个简单例子,如果有view, my_view创建trigger如下

create or replace trigger my_view_trigger

instead of insert or update

on my_view

declare

insert into tmp(eno) values(:new.eno);

end;

当执行sql : insert into my_view(eno, name) values(88,'test');时触发trigger.

不过view的instead of类型的trigger相对其他类型trigger有个特别的地方.从名字也可以看出来,可以替换掉了触发它的sql的操作.也就是insert into my_view(eno, name) values(88,'test');这个sql本身的操作不会起作用了.只有trigger里面的pl/sql语句块才真正执行.

注意事项:

1.instead of 类型触发器只能针对view创建,并且该view上不能有些check option(比如with check read only之类的),这以所这样是防止不同的功能之间的冲突.假如是一个read only类型的view,那自然不能整出个trigger又可以做些DML操作了.

2.不能指定before或after选项,因为触发trigger的sql实际上并不会执行,所以before或after就没有啥意义了.

Database , Schema级别trigger

针对表和视图的Triggers可能开发人员用的多.针对database,schema的Trigger一般是DBA用的多点.

比如创建trigger每当schema上有DDL操作时触发(针对表或视图的trigger只能针对DML操作,不能针对DDL操作).

举个简单的例子

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER ddl_trigger

AFTER DDL ON SCHEMA

BEGIN

insert into tblog values(systimestamp,ora_sysevent, ora_login_user,
ora_dict_obj_type, ora_dict_obj_name);
END;

其中ora_login_user是登陆名,ora_dict_obj_type对象类型(比如表或视图),ora_dict_obj_name是对象名字,比如表名或视图名.你可能看到这些变量貌似没在哪里定义.实际上是Oracle定义好的,,你只要拿来用就行.

假如随便用哪个用户执行如下sql: create table tmp_tb(eno int); 就会触发trigger.

不过貌似上面不能直接指定是具体的哪个schema,只能针对所有schema了啊.

假如用户每次登陆时要做些记录.那可以创建如下trigger

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER logon_trigger
AFTER LOGON ON DATABASE
BEGIN
INSERT INTO tblog VALUES (ora_login_user, ora_client_ip_address, systimestamp);
END ;

这里的logon on database不是说数据库启动,而是每次连接一个session的时候.

linux

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