Oracle数据导入导出imp/exp命令 10g以上expdp/impdp命令
Oracle数据导入导出imp/exp就相当于oracle数据还原与备份。exp命令可以把数据从远程数据库服务器导出到本地的dmp文件，imp命令可
Oracle数据导入导出imp/exp就相当于oracle数据还原与备份。exp命令可以把数据从远程数据库服务器导出到本地的dmp文件，imp命令可以把dmp文件从本地导入到远处的数据库服务器中。 利用这个功能可以构建两个相同的数据库，一个用来测试，一个用来正式使用。
执行环境：可以在SQLPLUS.EXE或者DOS（命令行）中执行，
DOS中可以执行时由于 在oracle 8i 中 安装目录ora81BIN被设置为全局路径，
该目录下有EXP.EXE与IMP.EXE文件被用来执行导入导出。
oracle用java编写，SQLPLUS.EXE、EXP.EXE、IMP.EXE这两个文件有可能是被包装后的类文件。
SQLPLUS.EXE调用EXP.EXE、IMP.EXE所包裹的类，完成导入导出功能。
下面介绍的是导入导出的实例。
数据导出：
1 将数据库TEST完全导出,用户名system 密码manager 导出到D:\daochu.dmp中
exp system/manager@TEST file=d:\daochu.dmp full=y
2 将数据库中system用户与sys用户的表导出
exp system/manager@TEST file=d:\daochu.dmp owner=(system,sys)
3 将数据库中的表inner_notify、notify_staff_relat导出
exp aichannel/aichannel@TESTDB2 file= d:\datanewsmgnt.dmp tables=(inner_notify,notify_staff_relat)
4 将数据库中的表table1中的字段filed1以"00"打头的数据导出
exp system/manager@TEST file=d:\daochu.dmp tables=(table1) query=" where filed1 like '00%'"
上面是常用的导出，对于压缩，既用winzip把dmp文件可以很好的压缩。
也可以在上面命令后面 加上 compress=y 来实现。
数据的导入
1 将D:\daochu.dmp 中的数据导入 TEST数据库中。
imp system/manager@TEST file=d:\daochu.dmp
imp aichannel/aichannel@TEST full=y file=d:\datanewsmgnt.dmp ignore=y
上面可能有点问题，因为有的表已经存在，然后它就报错，对该表就不进行导入。
在后面加上 ignore=y 就可以了。
2 将d:daochu.dmp中的表table1 导入
imp system/manager@TEST file=d:\daochu.dmp tables=(table1)
基本上上面的导入导出够用了。不少情况要先是将表彻底删除，然后导入。
注意：
操作者要有足够的权限，权限不够它会提示。
数据库时可以连上的。可以用tnsping TEST 来获得数据库TEST能否连上。
附录一：
给用户增加导入数据权限的操作
第一,启动sql*puls
第二，以system/manager登陆
第三，create user 用户名 IDENTIFIED BY 密码 （如果已经创建过用户，这步可以省略）
第四，GRANT CREATE USER,DROP USER,ALTER USER ,CREATE ANY VIEW ,
DROP ANY VIEW,EXP_FULL_DATABASE,IMP_FULL_DATABASE,
DBA,CONNECT,RESOURCE,CREATE SESSION TO 用户名字
第五, 运行-cmd-进入dmp文件所在的目录,
imp userid=system/manager full=y file=*.dmp
或者 imp userid=system/manager full=y file=filename.dmp
执行示例:
F:WorkOracle_Databackup>imp userid=test/test full=y file=inner_notify.dmp
屏幕显示
Import: Release 8.1.7.0.0 - Production on 星期四 2月 16 16:50:05 2006
(c) Copyright 2000 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
连接到: Oracle8i Enterprise Edition Release 8.1.7.0.0 - Production
With the Partitioning option
JServer Release 8.1.7.0.0 - Production
经由常规路径导出由EXPORT:V08.01.07创建的文件
已经完成ZHS16GBK字符集和ZHS16GBK NCHAR 字符集中的导入
导出服务器使用UTF8 NCHAR 字符集 (可能的ncharset转换)
. 正在将AICHANNEL的对象导入到 AICHANNEL
. . 正在导入表 "INNER_NOTIFY" 4行被导入
准备启用约束条件...
成功终止导入，但出现警告。
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