SQL和PL/SQL中绑定变量的区别
在Oracle 中,对于一个提交的sql语句,存在两种可选的解析过程, 一种叫做硬解析,一种叫做软解析.一个硬解析需要经解析,制定执行路
在Oracle 中,对于一个提交的sql语句,存在两种可选的解析过程, 一种叫做硬解析,一种叫做软解析.
一个硬解析需要经解析,制定执行路径,优化访问计划等许多的步骤.硬解释不仅仅耗费大量的cpu,更重要的是会占据重要的们闩(latch)资源,严重的影响系统的规模的扩大(即限制了系统的并发行), 而且引起的问题不能通过增加内存条和cpu的数量来解决。之所以这样是因为门闩是为了顺序访问以及修改一些内存区域而设置的,,这些内存区域是不能被同时修改。当一个sql语句提交后,oracle会首先检查一下共享缓冲池(shared pool)里有没有与之完全相同的语句,如果有的话只须执行软分析即可,否则就得进行硬分析。
而唯一使得oracle 能够重复利用执行计划的方法就是采用绑定变量。绑定变量的实质就是用于替代sql语句中的常量的替代变量。绑定变量能够使得每次提交的sql语句都完全一样。
1、sql中绑定变量
普通sql语句:
SELECT fname, lname, pcode FROM cust WHERE id = 674;
SELECT fname, lname, pcode FROM cust WHERE id = 234;
SELECT fname, lname, pcode FROM cust WHERE id = 332;
含绑定变量的sql 语句:
SELECT fname, lname, pcode FROM cust WHERE id = :cust_no;
Sql*plus 中使用绑定变量:
sql> variable x number;
sql> exec :x := 123;
sql> SELECT fname, lname, pcode FROM cust WHERE id =:x;
2、pl/sql
pl/sql很多时候都会自动绑定变量而无需编程人员操心,引用变量即是引用绑定变量,即很多你写得sql语句都会自动利用绑定变
量,如下例所示:
create or replace procedure dsal(p_empno in number)
as
begin
update emp
set sal=sal*2
where empno = p_empno;
commit;
end;
/
也许此时你会想要利用绑定变量来替代p_empno,但是这是完全没有必要的,因为在pl/sql中,引用变量即是引用绑定变量。
但当引用的值不是变量(常量或者表达式)且要多次重复执行时,也需要动态绑定变量:
DECLARE
c_temp site%ROWTYPE;
TYPE cursortype IS REF CURSOR;
cur_temp cursortype;
BEGIN
OPEN cur_temp FOR('select * from site where site_id=:1')
USING 91;
LOOP
FETCH cur_temp
INTO c_temp;
EXIT WHEN cur_temp%NOTFOUND;
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'insert into b values (:1)'
USING c_temp.site_id;
END LOOP;
CLOSE cur_temp;
COMMIT;
END;

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics











How to create tables using SQL statements in SQL Server: Open SQL Server Management Studio and connect to the database server. Select the database to create the table. Enter the CREATE TABLE statement to specify the table name, column name, data type, and constraints. Click the Execute button to create the table.

This article introduces a detailed tutorial on joining three tables using SQL statements to guide readers step by step how to effectively correlate data in different tables. With examples and detailed syntax explanations, this article will help you master the joining techniques of tables in SQL, so that you can efficiently retrieve associated information from the database.

phpMyAdmin can be used to create databases in PHP projects. The specific steps are as follows: Log in to phpMyAdmin and click the "New" button. Enter the name of the database you want to create, and note that it complies with the MySQL naming rules. Set character sets, such as UTF-8, to avoid garbled problems.

Methods to judge SQL injection include: detecting suspicious input, viewing original SQL statements, using detection tools, viewing database logs, and performing penetration testing. After the injection is detected, take measures to patch vulnerabilities, verify patches, monitor regularly, and improve developer awareness.

PostgreSQL The method to add columns is to use the ALTER TABLE command and consider the following details: Data type: Select the type that is suitable for the new column to store data, such as INT or VARCHAR. Default: Specify the default value of the new column through the DEFAULT keyword, avoiding the value of NULL. Constraints: Add NOT NULL, UNIQUE, or CHECK constraints as needed. Concurrent operations: Use transactions or other concurrency control mechanisms to handle lock conflicts when adding columns.

The methods to check SQL statements are: Syntax checking: Use the SQL editor or IDE. Logical check: Verify table name, column name, condition, and data type. Performance Check: Use EXPLAIN or ANALYZE to check indexes and optimize queries. Other checks: Check variables, permissions, and test queries.

The SQL INSERT statement is used to insert data into a table. The steps include: specify the target table to list the columns to be inserted. Specify the value to be inserted (the order of values must correspond to the column name)

MySQL has a free community version and a paid enterprise version. The community version can be used and modified for free, but the support is limited and is suitable for applications with low stability requirements and strong technical capabilities. The Enterprise Edition provides comprehensive commercial support for applications that require a stable, reliable, high-performance database and willing to pay for support. Factors considered when choosing a version include application criticality, budgeting, and technical skills. There is no perfect option, only the most suitable option, and you need to choose carefully according to the specific situation.
