Home Database Mysql Tutorial MySQL中merge表存储引擎用法

MySQL中merge表存储引擎用法

Jun 07, 2016 pm 05:18 PM
mysql database data

在Mysql数据库中,Merge表有点类似于视图。mysql的merge引擎类型允许你把许多结构相同的表合并为一个表。之后,你可以执行查询,

在Mysql数据库中,Merge表有点类似于视图。mysql的merge引擎类型允许你把许多结构相同的表合并为一个表。之后,你可以执行查询,从多个表返回的结果就像从一个表返回的结果一样。每一个合并的表必须有完全相同表的定义和结构。

Mysql Merge表的优点:
A. 分离静态的和动态的数据
B. 利用结构接近的的数据来优化查询
C. 查询时可以访问更少的数据
D. 更容易维护大数据集
E. 可以通过修改.mrg文件来修改Merge表,当然也可以用alter进行修改,修改后要通过FLUSH TABLES刷新表缓存,此法可以动态增加减少子表

merge表存储引擎在如下这种使用场合会最为有用:
如果需要把日志记录不停的录入MySQL数据库,并且每天、每周或者每个月都创建一个单一的表,而且要制作来自多个表的合计查询,MERGE表这时会非常有效。然而,这项功能有局限性。你只能合并MyISAM表而且必须严格遵守相同的表定义的限制。虽然这看起来好像是一个大问题,但是,如果你使用另外一种表类型(例如InnoDB),这种合并可能就不需要.
下面定义如下几个表:

基本表:
CREATE TABLE TEST_MERGE_1(
ID INT(5) NOT NULL,
VALUE VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY(ID)
);
CREATE TABLE TEST_MERGE_2(
ID INT(5) NOT NULL,
VALUE VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY(ID)
);
MERGE表:
CREATE TABLE TEST_MERGE(
ID INT(5) NOT NULL,
VALUE VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY(ID)
) TYPE=MRG_MyISAM INSERT_METHOD=LAST UNION=(TEST_MERGE_1,TEST_MERGE_2);

说明:
1. 此表结构必须与基本表完全一致,包括列名、顺序。UNION表必须同属一个DATABASE。
2. 此表类似于SQL中的union机制。
3. 基本表类型必须是MyISAM的。
4. 可以通过修改.mrg文件来修改MERGE表,每个基本表的名字占一行。注意:修改后要通过FLUSH TABLES刷新表缓存。
5. 对基本表的更改可以直接反映在此表上。
6. INSERT_METHOD的取值可以是: 0 不允许插入 FIRST 插入到UNION中的第一个表 LAST 插入到UNION中的最后一个表。(4.0之后可用)
7. 定义在它上面的约束没有任何作用,约束是由基本表控制的,,例如两个基本表中存在着同样的一个Key值,那么在MERGE表中会有两个一样的Key值。

注意:
1.如果是通过修改.mrg文件的方式来修改MERGE表,那么一定要修改后要通过FLUSH TABLES刷新表缓存,否则修改不会生效。最近犯过一次这样的错误。
2.在数据量、查询量较大的情况下,不要试图使用Merge表来达到类似于Oracle的表分区的功能,会很影响性能。我的感觉是和union几乎等价。
3.查询结果及顺序与创建Merge表时联合表的顺序有关。
假设有这样两条个语句:
INSERT INTO TEST_MERGE_1(ID,VALUE) VALUES(1,'ciray');
INSERT INTO TEST_MERGE_2(ID,VALUE) VALUES(1,'blog.csdn.net/ciray');
然后,这个查询:
SELECT * FROM TEST_MERGE WHERE ID=1;
将只会得到一条记录(1,'ciray'),并不是两条记录,也不会是(1,'blog.csdn.net/ciray')。这是因为ID是 PRIMARY KEY,如果在第一个表中查询到记录,则不在后面的表中记录查。如果ID并没有定义唯一性约束,则这个查询会得到两条记录。

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