Oracle常见数据库对象—序列
一、序列:是oacle提供的用于产生一系列唯一数字的数据库对象。 a) 序列的特点 i. 自动提供唯一的数值 ii.
一、序列:是oacle提供的用于产生一系列唯一数字的数据库对象。
a) 序列的特点
i. 自动提供唯一的数值
ii. 共享对象
iii. 主要用于提供主键值
iv. 将序列值装入内存可以提高访问效率
b) 序列的定义
CREATE SEQUENCE sequence
[INCREMENT BY n]
[START WITH n]
[{MAXVALUE N|NOMAXVALUE}]
[{MINVALUE n|NOMINVALUE}]
[{CYCLE |NOCYCLE}]
[{CACHE n|COCACHE}];
二、序列的创建
a) 要有创建序列的权限 create sequence 或 create any sequence
b) 创建序列的语法
CREATE SEQUENCE sequence //创建序列名称
[INCREMENT BY n] //递增的序列值是n 如果n是正数就递增,如果是负数就递减 默认是1
[START WITH n] //开始的值,递增默认是minvalue 递减是maxvalue
[{MAXVALUE n | NOMAXVALUE}] //最大值
[{MINVALUE n | NOMINVALUE}] //最小值
[{CYCLE | NOCYCLE}] //循环/不循环
[{CACHE n | NOCACHE}];//分配并存入到内存中
c) 注意事项
i. NEXTVAL 返回序列中下一个有效的值,,任何用户都可以引用
ii. CURRVAL 中存放序列的当前值
iii. NEXTVAL 应在 CURRVAL 之前指定 ,二者应同时有效
三、序列的使用
a) 将序列值装入内存可提高访问效率
b) 序列在下列情况下出现裂缝:
i. 回滚
ii. 系统异常
iii. 多个表同时使用同一序列
c) 如果不将序列的值装入内存(NOCACHE), 可使用表 USER_SEQUENCES 查看序列当前的有效值
四、修改序列
a) 修改序列的增量, 最大值, 最小值, 循环选项, 或是否装入内存
例:ALTER SEQUENCE dept_deptid_seq
INCREMENT BY 20
MAXVALUE 999999
NOCACHE
NOCYCLE;
Sequence altered.
b) 注意事项
i. 必须是序列的拥有者或对序列有 ALTER 权限
ii. 只有将来的序列值会被改变
iii. 改变序列的初始值只能通过删除序列之后重建序列的方法实现
iv. 使用DROP SEQUENCE 语句删除序列
v. 删除之后,序列不能再次被引用

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