Home Backend Development PHP Tutorial PHP中static关键字以及与self关键字的区别_php实例

PHP中static关键字以及与self关键字的区别_php实例

Jun 07, 2016 pm 05:12 PM
php self static Keywords

概述

正在学习设计模式,之前有一篇文章关于单例模式的文章,重新读了这篇文章,发现对static关键字掌握不是很牢靠,重新温习一下。

static关键字

PHP手册里对static关键字的介绍如下:

复制代码 代码如下:

Declaring class properties or methods as static makes them accessible without needing an instantiation of the class. A property declared as static cannot be accessed with an instantiated class object (though a static method can).

大体意思是,将类的属性和方法声明为静态以后,可以直接访问静态属性和方法,而不需要实例化对象。

PHP中静态成员和方法的特性如下:

1.静态成员不能通过类的实例访问,但是静态方法可以。
2.静态成员不能通过->运算符访问。
3.在静态方法的作用域中,不能出现$this关键字,也就是说不能在静态方法中访问普通的成员变量。
4.静态成员和方法,都可以通过类名直接访问,而无需实例化对象。

迟绑定(Late Static Bindings)

下面的内容摘自PHP手册:

复制代码 代码如下:

自 PHP 5.3.0 起,PHP 增加了一个叫做后期静态绑定的功能,用于在继承范围内引用静态调用的类。
准确说,后期静态绑定工作原理是存储了在上一个“非转发调用”(non-forwarding call)的类名。当进行静态方法调用时,该类名即为明确指定的那个(通常在 :: 运算符左侧部分);当进行非静态方法调用时,即为该对象所属的类。所谓的“转发调用”(forwarding call)指的是通过以下几种方式进行的静态调用:self::,parent::,static:: 以及 forward_static_call()。可用 get_called_class() 函数来得到被调用的方法所在的类名,static:: 则指出了其范围。

对该特性的理解,可以参考下手册中的例子

self vs static

用一个demo来直接说明self与static的区别。
self示例:

复制代码 代码如下:

class Vehicle {
    protected static $name = 'This is a Vehicle';
    public static function what_vehicle() {
        echo get_called_class()."\n";               
        echo self::$name;
    }
}
class Sedan extends Vehicle {
    protected static $name = 'This is a Sedan';
}
Sedan::what_vehicle();

程序输出:
复制代码 代码如下:

Sedan
This is a Vehicle

static示例:
复制代码 代码如下:

class Vehicle {
    protected static $name = 'This is a Vehicle';
    public static function what_vehicle() {
        echo get_called_class()."\n";       
        echo static::$name;
    }
}
class Sedan extends Vehicle {
    protected static $name = 'This is a Sedan';
}
Sedan::what_vehicle();

程序输出:

复制代码 代码如下:

Sedan
This is a Sedan

总结

看看上一篇文章,已经一个多月没更新过博客了,忙是一部分,主要的还是自己懈怠了,以后还得坚持。这篇文章写的也有点没感觉。

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