Home Database Mysql Tutorial Oracle的long类型字段的应用

Oracle的long类型字段的应用

Jun 07, 2016 pm 05:10 PM

1、LONG 数据类型中存储的是可变长字符串,最大长度限制是2GB。 2、对于超出一定长度的文本,基本只能用LONG类型来存储,数据字典

1、LONG 数据类型中存储的是可变长字符串,最大长度限制是2GB。

2、对于超出一定长度的文本,基本只能用LONG类型来存储,数据字典中很多对象的定义就是用LONG来存储的。

3、LONG类型主要用于不需要作字符串搜索的长串数据,如果要进行字符搜索就要用varchar2类型。

4、很多工具,包括SQL*Plus,,处理LONG 数据类型都是很困难的。

5、LONG 数据类型的使用中,要受限于磁盘的大小。

能够操作 LONG 的 SQL 语句:

1、Select语句

2、Update语句中的SET语句

3、Insert语句中的VALUES语句

限制:

1、一个表中只能包含一个 LONG 类型的列。

2、不能索引LONG类型列。

3、不能将含有LONG类型列的表作聚簇。

4、不能在SQL*Plus中将LONG类型列的数值插入到另一个表格中,如insert into …select。

5、不能在SQL*Plus中通过查询其他表的方式来创建LONG类型列,如create table as select。

6、不能对LONG类型列加约束条件(NULL、NOT NULL、DEFAULT除外),如:关键字列(PRIMARY KEY)不能是 LONG 数据类型。

7、LONG类型列不能用在Select的以下子句中:where、group by、order by,以及带有distinct的select语句中。

8、LONG类型列不能用于分布查询。

9、PL/SQL过程块的变量不能定义为LONG类型。

10、LONG类型列不能被SQL函数所改变,如:substr、instr。

因为long类型的数值不能用insert into … select的方法插入,故我们要分两步走,先插入其它字段,最后再插入long类型字段,这可以通过过程来实现.下面是一个我做实验实现的例子.

SQL>; create table testlong (id number,name varchar2(12),history long);

表已创建。

SQL>; create table testlong1 (id number,name varchar2(12),history long);

表已创建。

SQL>; insert into testlong values(1,’tslxg’,'work in tangshan’);

已创建 1 行。
SQL>; insert into testlong values(2,’imakee’,'work in beiing’);

已创建 1 行。

SQL>; select * from testlong;

ID NAME
———- ————————
HISTORY
——————————————————————————–

1 tslxg
work in tangshan

2 imakee
work in beijing

SQL>; insert into testlong1 select * from testlong;
insert into testlong1 select * from testlong
*
ERROR 位于第 1 行:
ORA-00997: 非法使用 LONG 数据类型

SQL>; Declare
2 CURSOR bcur
3 IS SELECT id,history from testlong;
4 brec bcur%ROWTYPE;
5 BEGIN
6 insert into testlong1(id,name) select id,name from testlong;–其它类型
先插入
7 OPEN bcur;
8 LOOP
9 FETCH bcur INTO brec;
10 EXIT WHEN bcur%NOTFOUND;
11 update testlong1 set history=brec.history where id=brec.id;
12 END LOOP;
13 CLOSE bcur;
14 END;
15 /

PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。

SQL>; select * from testlong1;

ID NAME
———- ————————
HISTORY
————————————————————————–

1 tslxg
work in tangshan

2 imakee
work in beijing

LONG列不能出现在SQL语句的某些部分:
1、在WHERE、GROUP BY、ORDER BY、CONNECT BY子句以及在具有DISTINCT 操作的SELECT语句中。
2、SQL函数(如SUBSTR或INSTR)
3、表达式或条件。
4、包含有GROUP BY子句的查询的选择表。
5、在子查询的选择表或由集合操作组合查询选择表。
6、CREATE TABLE AS SELECT语句的选择表。

使用说明:

1、LONG 数据类型中存储的是可变长字符串,最大长度限制是2GB。
2、对于超出一定长度的文本,基本只能用LONG类型来存储,数据字典中很多对象的定义就是用LONG来存储的。
3、LONG类型主要用于不需要作字符串搜索的长串数据,如果要进行字符搜索就要用varchar2类型。
4、很多工具,包括SQL*Plus,处理LONG 数据类型都是很困难的。
5、LONG 数据类型的使用中,要受限于磁盘的大小。

能够操作 LONG 的 SQL 语句:

1、Select语句
2、Update语句中的SET语句
3、Insert语句中的VALUES语句

限制:

1、一个表中只能包含一个 LONG 类型的列。
2、不能索引LONG类型列。
3、不能将含有LONG类型列的表作聚簇。
4、不能在SQL*Plus中将LONG类型列的数值插入到另一个表格中,如insert into …select。
5、不能在SQL*Plus中通过查询其他表的方式来创建LONG类型列,如create table as select。
6、不能对LONG类型列加约束条件(NULL、NOT NULL、DEFAULT除外),如:关键字列(PRIMARY KEY)不能是 LONG 数据类型。
7、LONG类型列不能用在Select的以下子句中:where、group by、order by,以及带有distinct的select语句中。8、LONG类型列不能用于分布查询。
9、PL/SQL过程块的变量不能定义为LONG类型。
10、LONG类型列不能被SQL函数所改变,如:substr、instr。

利用Oracle long类型字段,插入大文本

在编写应用时,需要大量的插入大文本,但是oracle 的clob操作起来比较繁琐,应此我没有选择使用clob,而是使用了oracle以前版本中的long类型[但是long类型有一些限制,在一个表中只能有一个long字段]。

开始的时候我直接使用insert into table1 values(a,b[long])的方式插入数据库,但是oracle有些限制一条语句不能超过4000个字符,并报ORA-01704的错误。

经过查找oracle 的文档找到了解决的方法,就是对于long的字段使用setCharacterStream()方法将String插入数据库。

代码:
sql=”insert into msg_info values (?,?,?,?[long类型字段],’C',sysdate,sysdate+”+msgterm+”,?)”;
pstat1 = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
pstat1.setLong(1, msg_id);
pstat1.setInt(2, msg_gp_id);
pstat1.setString(3, msg_title);
pstat1.setCharacterStream(4,new StringReader(msg_info.toString()),msg_info.length());
conn.commit();
pstat1.setLong(5, this.upid);

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