在Mac OS的PHP环境下安装配置MemCache的全过程解析_php实例
安装服务端
memcache是项目名,而在服务端的驻留进程叫memcached(linux的守护进程一般都是在后面加个d)。在OSX下使用brew可以快速安装memcache:
$ sudo brew install memcached
memcache的依赖:openssl和libevent会自动下载并安装。
安装完成后,使用如下命令启动:
$ sudo memcached -m 32 -p 11211 -d
安装php扩展
使用php操作memcache前,需要安装php的扩展,php的扩展有两个可以选择memcache和memcached,这里就安装比较经典的前者。从这里选择一个版本下载源码压缩包,解压,进入到源码目录后执行:
$ sudo phpize
phpize是帮助用来在已编译好的php外,编译php扩展用的脚本,用来生成configure、make等文件。有时执行这个命令会报错:
Cannot find autoconf. Please check your autoconf installation and the $PHP_AUTOCONF environment variable. Then, rerun this script.
缺少依赖,那就安装咯,还是使用brew:
$ sudo brew install autoconf
phpize完成后,依次实行如下命令实现编译和安装:
$ sudo ./configure $ sudo make $ sudo make install
编译好的memcache.so一般被安装到如下目录:
Installing shared extensions: /usr/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-xxxxxx/
这样就可以在php.ini中配置这个扩展了:
extension=/usr/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-xxxxxx/memcache.so
打开phpinfo()页面,查看memcache是否已经加载成功:
设置yii
这样其实已经可以在php中直接使用memcache了,这里就不累述了,如果在yii中使用,则需要添加一个组件:
'components'=>array( 'cache'=>array( 'class'=>'CMemCache', 'servers'=>array( array( 'host'=>'127.0.0.1', 'port'=>11211 ) ), ), ...
关于更多的yii配置请参阅其文档。最后,在yii中使用memcache:
Yii::app()->cache->set('key1','value1'); Yii::app()->cache->get('key1');
memcached使用示例
将纯粹使用数据库查询的代码加上memcached支持是很简单的,假设这是原来的代码:
function get_foo (int userid) { result = db_select("SELECT * FROM users WHERE userid = ?", userid); return result; }
加上memcached的缓存机制后:
function get_foo (int userid) { result = memcached_fetch("userrow:" + userid); if (!result) { result = db_select("SELECT * FROM users WHERE userid = ?", userid); memcached_add("userrow:" + userid, result); } return result; }
上述的程序会先到memcached检查是否有userrow:userid的数据,如果有则直接传回结果,如果不存在时再去数据库查询,并将结果放到memcached内。
在memcached内已经有缓存信息时将数据库的数据更新后,上述的程序会抓到旧的数据,这是属于Cache coherency的问题。其中一种解决的方法是在更新数据库时,同时更新memcached内的信息:
function update_foo(int userid, string dbUpdateString) { result = db_execute(dbUpdateString); if (result) { data = createUserDataFromDBString(dbUpdateString); memcached_set("userrow:"+userid, data); } }

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