Oracle的OFA架构
Oracle的最佳灵活体系结构（Optimal Flexible Architecture，简称OFA），是指Oracle软件和数据库文件及文件夹的命名约定和存储位
Oracle的最佳灵活体系结构（Optimal Flexible Architecture，简称OFA），是指Oracle软件和数据库文件及文件夹的命名约定和存储位置规则。可以将它作为一组好的习惯，它使用户可以很容易地找到与Oracle数据库相关的文件结构。
使用最佳灵活体系结构，能够简化数据库系统的管理工作，使数据库管理员更加容易地定位文件或添加文件；还可以将Oracle系统的执行文件、管理文件、数据文件分别存储到不同的硬盘上，从而有效地使用用户系统中的所有存储空间、克服某个（些）硬盘存储空间的限制，合理分配存储负担，降低单个硬盘存储速度方面的瓶颈，提高整个系统的存储效率。
最优灵活体系结构（Optimal Flexible Architecture，简称OFA）
OFA其实就是一种Oracle的一种规范，其意义就是用一种统一的给文件和文件夹的规则，和文件存放目录的规则做一个约定。这样，我们不管是安装多个版本的Oracle Database也好，因为目录规范，命名规范，这样软件不会冲突，方便管理，文件也方便查找。通过遵循OFA的指导，使得整个系统可以更加灵活。
Linux/Unix平台上的OFA命名机制
mount点的命名采用/pm的方式，其中p 是一个串字符常量，m 是一个固定长度的数字。例如：/u01、/u02、/ora01、/ora02都是不错的选择。
BASE目录通常是/pm/h/u，其中h是字符常量，通常是app。u是目录所有者，通常是oracle。
ORACLE_HOME目录通常是/pm/h/u/product/V。其中V是版本号，例如9.2.0、10.2.0。新增的一些组件，例如asm、agent都在这个目录下面，例如/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/agent、/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/asm
数据库特定的管理文件，例如启动参数文件、转储文件目录通常是/pm/h/u/admin/d/a。其中admin为固定字符，d表示数据库的名字，a表示子目录的名称，例如告警日志是alert_ora10g.log，用户目录是bdump，数据库实例名为ora10g则alert日志所在的目录为，$ORACLE_BASE/admin/ORCL/bdump/alert_ora10g.log。
关键文件通常是/pm/h/u/q/d，其中q为一个字符串，通常是oradata，d表示数据名。控制文件通常是controln.ctl，n为两位长度的数字，例如control01.ctl、control02.ctl。redon.log，n为两位长度的数字，例如redo01.log、redo02.log，数据文件tn.dbf，，t表示表空间的名字，n为两位长度的数字，例如users01.dbf、users02.dbf等
一般情况下的目录结构
udump 存储用户进程跟踪文件。使用USER_DUMP_DEST参数进行设置
oraInventory Oracle在服务器上使用一个名为Oracle的清单目录也称为OraInventory的特殊目录，用来保存所有的Oracle软件清单。多个Oracle安装可以共用相同的清单目录。只有第一次安装 Oracle时需要在环境变量中指定
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