PHP模板引擎Smarty内建函数详解_php实例
本文实例讲述了PHP模板引擎Smarty内建函数。分享给大家供大家参考，具体如下：
Smarty 的内建函数：Smarty自带一些内建函数，内建函数是模板语言的一部分，用户不能创建名称和内建函数一样的自定义函数,也不能修改内建函数。
下面对 Smarty 中的内建函数进行说明，并加以实例：
实例中使用到的 Smarty 模板引擎初始化文件 init.inc.php 和主文件 index.php
init.inc.php
<?php
define('ROOT_PATH', dirname(__FILE__)); //设置网站根目录
require ROOT_PATH.'/libs/Smarty.class.php'; //加载 Smarty 模板引擎
$_tpl = new Smarty(); //创建一个实例对象
$_tpl->template_dir = ROOT_PATH.'/tpl/'; //重新指定模板目录
$_tpl->compile_dir = ROOT_PATH.'./com/'; //重新指定编译目录
$_tpl->left_delimiter = '<{'; //重新指定左定界符
$_tpl->right_delimiter = '}>'; //重新指定右定界符
?>
index.php
<?php
require 'init.inc.php'; //引入模板初始化文件
global $_tpl;
$_tpl->display('index.tpl'); //引入模板
?>
1、capture
| 属性 | 类型 | 是否必须 | 缺省值 | 描述 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| name | string | no | default | 数据采集区域名称 |
| assign | string | No | n/a | 数据采集区域在哪分配给变量name[待考] |
/tpl/index.tpl
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Capture</title>
</head>
<body>
<!-- 定义capture -->
<{capture name="foo"}>
这里是 capture 函数里面的内容，默认是不显示的。
<{/capture}>
<!-- 调用capture，使用的是 Smarty 中的保留变量{$smarty.capture} -->
<{$smarty.capture.foo}>
</body>
</html>
2、config_load
| 属性 | 类型 | 是否必须 | 缺省值 | 描述 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| file | string | Yes | n/a | 待包含的配置文件的名称 |
| section | string | No | n/a | 配置文件中待加载部分的名称 |
| scope | string | no | local | 加载数据的作用域，取值必须为local, parent 或 global. local 说明该变量的作用域为当前模板. parent 说明该变量的作用域为当前模板和当前模板的父模板(调用当前模板的模板). global 说明该变量的作用域为所有模板. |
| global | boolean | No | No | 说明加载的变量是否全局可见，等同于 scope=parent. 注意: 当指定了 scope 属性时，可以设置该属性，但模板忽略该属性值而以 scope 属性为准。 |
3、include
| 属性 | 类型 | 是否必须 | 缺省值 | 描述 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| file | string | Yes | n/a | 待包含的模板文件名 |
| assign | string | No | n/a | 该属性指定一个变量保存待包含模板的输出 |
| [var ...] | [var type] | No | n/a | 传递给待包含模板的本地参数，只在待包含模板中有效 |
include 函数用于在当前模板中包含其它模板， 当前模板中的变量在被包含的模板中可用. 必须指定 file 属性，该属性指明模板资源的位置。如果设置了 assign 属性，该属性对应的变量名用于保存待包含模板的输出，这样待包含模板的输出就不会直接显示了。请看下面的示例：
/tpl/index.tpl
{include file="header.tpl"}
{* body of template goes here *}
{include file="footer.tpl"}
4、if,elseif,else
Smarty 中的 if 语句和 php 中的 if 语句一样灵活易用，并增加了几个特性以适宜模板引擎. if 必须于 /if 成对出现. 可以使用 else 和 elseif 子句。
可以使用以下条件修饰词：eq、ne、neq、gt、lt、lte、le、gte、ge、is even、is odd、is not even、is not odd、not、mod、div by、even by、odd by、==、!=、>、<、<=、>=. 使用这些修饰词时必须和变量或常量用空格格开。
下面对这些修饰符表示的意思进行说明：
| 条件修饰符 | 作用描述 |
| eq | == |
| ne | != |
| neq | != |
| gt | > |
| lt | < |
| lte | <= |
| le | <= |
| gte | >= |
| ge | >= |
| is even | 是否偶数 |
| is odd | 是否奇数 |
| is not even | 是否不是偶数 |
| is not odd | 是否不是奇数 |
| not | != |
| mod | 求模 |
| div by | 是否能被整除 |
| even by | 商是否是偶数 |
| odd by | 商是否是奇数 |
| && | 与 |
| || | 或 |
| () | 括号改变优先级 |
5、ldelim 和 rdelim
用于输出分隔符，也就是大括号 "{" 和 "}". 模板引擎总是尝试解释大括号内的内容，因此如果需要输出大括号，请使用此方法。请看下面的示例：
/tpl/index.tpl
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>ldelim 和 rdelim</title>
</head>
<body>
<{ldelim}>funcname<{rdelim}> 是 Smarty 中的一个函数。
<!-- 执行结果： <{funcname}> 是 Smarty 中的一个函数。 -->
</body>
</html>
6、literal
literal 标签区域内的数据将被当作文本处理，此时模板将忽略其内部的所有字符信息. 该特性用于显示有可能包含大括号等字符信息的 javascript 脚本. 当这些信息处于 {literal}{/literal} 标签中时，模板引擎将不分析它们，而直接显示，其实按照我的所有例子中的标签风格（因为在 init.inc.php 初始化文件中已经重新设置了左定界符和右定界符），而不是 Smarty 的默认风格，基本上不会产生这种情况。关于该函数的使用，请看下面的示例
/tpl/index.tpl
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>literal</title>
</head>
<body>
<{literal}>
<script language=javascript>
<!--
window.alert(new Date());
-->
</script>
<{/literal}>
</body>
</html>
7、php
php 标签允许在模板中直接嵌入 php 脚本，此标签会把标签内部的内容当成 PHP 脚本进行解析执行。请看下面的示例
/tpl/index.tpl
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>php</title>
</head>
<body>
<{php}>
echo date("Y-m-d H:i:s");
<{/php}>
<!-- 执行结果： 2011-10-24 04:35:03 -->
</body>
</html>
8、strip
Web 开发者多次遇到空格和回车影响HTML输出的情形，为了得到特定的结果，因此你不得不在模板里运行所有的标签. 通常在难以理解或难以处理的模板中遇到此问题。Smarty 在显示前将除区任何位于 {strip}{/strip} 标记中数据的首尾空格和回车. 这样可以保证模板容易理解且不用担心多余的空格导致问题。
好了， Smarty 模板引擎中的内建函数先总结这么多，关于内建函数中两个最重要的函数（foreach,foreachelse、section,sectionelse）的使用，可参考前面一篇《PHP模板引擎Smarty内建函数foreach,foreachelse用法分析》
更多关于PHP相关内容感兴趣的读者可查看本站专题：《smarty模板入门基础教程》、《PHP模板技术总结》、《PHP基于pdo操作数据库技巧总结》、《PHP运算与运算符用法总结》、《PHP网络编程技巧总结》、《PHP基本语法入门教程》、《php面向对象程序设计入门教程》、《php字符串(string)用法总结》、《php+mysql数据库操作入门教程》及《php常见数据库操作技巧汇总》
希望本文所述对大家基于smarty模板的PHP程序设计有所帮助。
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