MySQL 系统变量(system variables)
MySQL系统变量(system variables)实际上是一些系统参数,用于初始化或设定数据库对系统资源的占用,文件存放位置等等。这些个系统
MySQL系统变量(system variables)实际上是一些系统参数,用于初始化或设定数据库对系统资源的占用,文件存放位置等等。这些个系统变量可以分为全局以及会话级别层面来修改,有些也可以进行动态修改。本文主要介绍了系统变量的一些概念以及如何设置查看这些系统变量。
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1、什么是系统变量
系统变量实际上用于控制数据库的一些行为和方式的参数。比如我们启动数据库的时候设定多大的内存,使用什么样的隔离级别,日志文件的大小,存放位置等等一系列的东东。当然我们数据库系统启动后,有些系统变量(参数)也可以通过动态修改来及时调整数据库。这个系统变量在Oracle里边是通过pfile或者spfile来控制,称之为参数,是一个意思。
系统变量取值:都有默认值,可以在启动时及启动后修改。
设置范围:全局与回话级别,全局级别需要super权限,会话级别只影响自身会话。
设置方法:启动前可以通过配置文件以及启动选项来修改,启动后通过SET子句来设置。
生效周期:全局变量全局可见,但只影响在更改后连接的从该全局变量初始化相应会话变量的客户端。当前会话及已登录的会话不受影响。
对于有关涉及到size的设置值,,可以使用后缀K、M或G分别表示千字节、兆字节或gigabytes,不区分大小写。
2、set设置系统变量的用法
--当前的版本
mysql> show variables like 'version%';
+-------------------------+------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-------------------------+------------------------------+
| version | 5.5.37 |
| version_comment | MySQL Community Server (GPL) |
| version_compile_machine | x86_64 |
| version_compile_os | Linux |
+-------------------------+------------------------------+
--获取有关set的帮助
mysql> help set
Name: 'SET'
Description:
Syntax:
SET variable_assignment [, variable_assignment] ...
variable_assignment:
user_var_name = expr
| [GLOBAL | SESSION] system_var_name = expr
| [@@global. | @@session. | @@]system_var_name = expr
--查看全部系统变量
root@localhost[tempdb]> show variables; --该命令会输出当前系统全部系统变量
--查看sort_buffer
mysql> show variables like 'sort_buffer%';
+------------------+---------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+------------------+---------+
| sort_buffer_size | 2097152 |
+------------------+---------+
--在省略global与session关键字的情形下为session级别
mysql> set sort_buffer_size=1024*1024*4; --设置为4M
mysql> show variables like 'sort_buffer%';
+------------------+---------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+------------------+---------+
| sort_buffer_size | 4194304 |
+------------------+---------+
--恢复到缺省值
mysql> set sort_buffer_size=default;
mysql> show variables like 'sort_buffer%';
+------------------+---------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+------------------+---------+
| sort_buffer_size | 2097152 |
+------------------+---------+
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