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MySQL 二进制日志(Binary Log)

Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:44 PM

同大多数关系型数据库一样,日志文件是MySQL数据库的重要组成部分。MySQL有几种不同的日志文件,通常包括错误日志文件,二进制日

同大多数关系型数据库一样,日志文件是MySQL数据库的重要组成部分。MySQL有几种不同的日志文件,通常包括错误日志文件,二进制日志,通用日志,慢查询日志,等等。这些日志可以帮助我们定位mysqld内部发生的事件,数据库性能故障,记录数据的变更历史,用户恢复数据库等等。二进制日志,也叫binary log,是MySQL Server中最为重要的日志之一,本文主要描述二进制日志。

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Ubuntu 14.04下安装MySQL

《MySQL权威指南(原书第2版)》清晰中文扫描版 PDF

Ubuntu 14.04 LTS 安装 LNMP Nginx\PHP5 (PHP-FPM)\MySQL

Ubuntu 14.04下搭建MySQL主从服务器

Ubuntu 12.04 LTS 构建高可用分布式 MySQL 集群

Ubuntu 12.04下源代码安装MySQL5.6以及Python-MySQLdb

MySQL-5.5.38通用二进制安装

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1、MySQL日志文件系统的组成
  a、错误日志:记录启动、运行或停止mysqld时出现的问题。
  b、通用日志:记录建立的客户端连接和执行的语句。
  c、更新日志:记录更改数据的语句。该日志在MySQL 5.1中已不再使用。
  d、二进制日志:记录所有更改数据的语句。还用于复制。
  e、慢查询日志:记录所有执行时间超过long_query_time秒的所有查询或不使用索引的查询。
  f、Innodb日志:innodb redo log
 
  缺省情况下,所有日志创建于mysqld数据目录中。
  可以通过刷新日志,来强制mysqld来关闭和重新打开日志文件(或者在某些情况下切换到一个新的日志)。
  当你执行一个FLUSH LOGS语句或执行mysqladmin flush-logs或mysqladmin refresh时,则日志被老化。
  对于存在MySQL复制的情形下,从复制服务器将维护更多日志文件,被称为接替日志。

2、二进制日志(Binary log)
  a、它包含的内容及作用如下:
    包含了所有更新了数据或者已经潜在更新了数据(比如没有匹配任何行的一个DELETE)
    包含关于每个更新数据库(DML)的语句的执行时间信息
    不包含没有修改任何数据的语句,如果需要启用该选项,需要开启通用日志功能
    主要目的是尽可能的将数据库恢复到数据库故障点,因为二进制日志包含备份后进行的所有更新
    用于在主复制服务器上记录所有将发送给从服务器的语句
    启用该选项数据库性能降低1%,但保障数据库完整性,对于重要数据库值得以性能换完整。有些类似于Oracle开启归档模式。
 
  b、开启二进制日志的方法及属性
    使用--log-bin[=file_name]选项或在配置文件中指定log-bin启动时,mysqld写入包含所有更新数据的SQL命令的日志文件。
    对于未给出file_name值,, 默认名为-bin后面所跟的主机名。
    在未指定绝对路径的情形下,缺省位置保存在数据目录下。
    每个二进制日志名会添加一个数字扩展名用于日志老化,因此不支持自定义的扩展名,会被mysql数字扩展名动态替换。
    若当前的日志大小达到max_binlog_size,则自动创建新的二进制日志。
    对于大的事务,二进制日志会超过max_binlog_size设定的值。也即是事务仅仅写入一个二进制日志。
    由是可知,二进制日志文件大小接近,其size不是完全相等,这点不同于oracle。
    二进制日志文件会有一个对应二进制日志索引文件,该文件包含所有的二进制日志,其文件名与二进制日志相同,扩展名为.index
    二进制索引文件通过--log-bin-index[=file_name]选项来指定
    RESET MASTER语句将删除所有二进制日志文件,这将影响到从库。也可以用PURGE MASTER LOGS只删除部分二进制文件。

3、二进制日志相关演示

a、启用二进制日志
--当前环境
root@localhost[(none)]> show variables like '%version%';
+-------------------------+------------------------------+
| Variable_name          | Value                        |
+-------------------------+------------------------------+
| innodb_version          | 5.5.39                      |
| protocol_version        | 10                          |
| slave_type_conversions  |                              |
| version                | 5.5.39                      |
| version_comment        | MySQL Community Server (GPL) |
| version_compile_machine | x86_64                      |
| version_compile_os      | Linux                        |
+-------------------------+------------------------------+

root@localhost[(none)]> show variables like '%log_bin%';
+---------------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name                  | Value |
+---------------------------------+-------+
| log_bin                        | OFF  | --该参数用于设定是否启用二进制日志
| log_bin_trust_function_creators | OFF  |
| sql_log_bin                    | ON    |
+---------------------------------+-------+

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