MySQL执行计划显示与执行过程不符合
MySQL在优化阶段的过程,就如执行计划显示的结果一样,对各个子句进行着执行计划显示的过程,先是因为FROM子句中的子查询执行id为
一 建表和现象的过程如下
CREATE TABLE t1 (id1 INT, a1 INT, b1 INT, PRIMARY KEY(id1));
CREATE TABLE t3 (id3 INT UNIQUE, a3 INT, b3 INT);
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (1, 1, NULL);
INSERT INTO t3 VALUES (1, 1, NULL);
mysql> select * from (select * from t1 where id1 =(select id3 from t3 where id3=1)) t;
+-----+------+------+
| id1 | a1 | b1 |
+-----+------+------+
| 1 | 1 | NULL |
+-----+------+------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> explain extended select * from (select * from t1 where id1=(select id3 from t3 where id3=1)) t;
+----+-------------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------------+
| 1 | PRIMARY |
| 2 | DERIVED | t1 | const | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 4 | const | 1 | 100.00 | NULL |
| 3 | SUBQUERY | t3 | const | id3 | id3 | 5 | const | 1 | 100.00 | Using index |
+----+-------------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------------+
3 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> show warnings;
+-------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Level | Code | Message |
+-------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Note | 1003 | /* select#1 */ select '1' AS `id1`,'1' AS `a1`,NULL AS `b1` from dual |
+-------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
二 分析:
首先, 察看执行计划:
1 id值为1的select_type值为PRIMARY, 这是一个'
2 id值为2的select_type值为DERIVED,表示这是一个被驱动的表(被驱动的FROM子句中的子查询).
3 id值为3的select_type值为SUBQUERY,表示嵌套中的第二个在t3表上的子查询,没有被优化为其他类型(优化可如子查询被消除后转为内连接)。
其次,察看警告信息:
1 FROM子句后的表变为了‘dual’这一虚表,t1和t2全部消失。为什么?
2 MySQL在优化的过程中,利用等式的性质,推知了:
2.1 id1=id3=1
2.2 查询语句从逻辑推理上,就可以变形为:select * from t1 where id1=1
此时,子查询其实被消除了,但是执行计划中没有体现之一点,这是执行计划错误之处。
2.3 进一步,t1表上id1列是主键,所以根据索引,可以查知*对应的目标列的值:这样,逻辑推理上,就可以变形为:
select '1' AS `id1`,'1' AS `a1`,NULL AS `b1` from t1 where id1=1
2.4 因为目标列的值已经能够在优化的过程中得知,所以FROM子句中的表,可被标识为“常量表”。
3 于是,在显示查询执行计划的后期(explain命令后期),代码中有个判断:如果表全部是常量表且已经是“被优化了的(optimized_away)”则把FROM子句中的表对象,用“dual”替换。这就是警告中为什么会出现“from dual”的原因。
再次,执行计划和警告信息显示存在不一致,那么,MySQL在执行的时候,是按照谁来执行呢?
这点可以通过跟踪代码进行分析。
执行过程如下:
1 优化阶段:即生成执行计划阶段
MySQL在优化阶段的过程,就如执行计划显示的结果一样,对各个子句进行着执行计划显示的过程,先是因为FROM子句中的子查询执行id为1的过程,然后是对被驱动的id为2的优化,在没有结束id为2的优化的过程中,发现id为2的子句是子查询,就嵌套调用去优化子查询,于是引发了等式化简等过程。
在运用各种技术做各种化简的过程中,一些值或结果已经得知,顺带即完成了一些求解的工作。
这也说明一个问题:有的朋友问id间的序号表明了一个什么样的执行次序?因为嵌套的关系,首先启动的是id值小的,在id值为小的执行过程中,接着又启动了id值为大的查询子句,所以,最先执行完毕的,,是id值大者;最先执行的,是id值小者。
2 执行阶段:
已经知道是一个常量求解,且结果在优化过程中得知,直接输出。
这也解释了警告信息中得到的是“from dual”,与执行过程的含义,相符。即:执行阶段,查询计划表明的过程已经结束了。
三 补充说明
mysql> explain extended select * from (select * from t1 where id1 in (select id3 from t3 where id3=5)) t;
-> ;
+----+-------------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------------+
| 1 | PRIMARY |
| 2 | DERIVED | t1 | const | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 4 | const | 1 | 100.00 | NULL |
| 2 | DERIVED | t3 | const | id3 | id3 | 5 | const | 1 | 100.00 | Using index |
+----+-------------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------------+
3 rows in set, 1 warning (49.53 sec)

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